Intshayelelo

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje eliqhutywa bubuchwepheshe, izixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki zisengozini enkulu kunangaphambili yokonakala ngenxa yokunyuka kwamandla okubangelwa kukubethwa ngumbane, ukuguquguquka kwegridi, okanye imisebenzi yokutshintsha kwangaphakathi. Izixhobo zokukhusela ukuxhuzula, ezaziwa ngokuba zizixhobo zokukhusela ukuxhuzula (ii-SPD), zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni izixhobo ezibuthathaka kwi-voltage spikes. Eli nqaku liphonononga ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwezikhuseli zokuxhuzula kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwaye libonisa ukusebenza kwazo ngezifundo zamatyala.

1. Izicelo zokuhlala

(I) Ukukhuselwa kwezixhobo zasekhaya

Namhlanje, iintsapho zanamhlanje azinakuphila ngaphandle kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki, ezifana neeTV, iikhompyutha, iifriji, kunye neenkqubo zasekhaya ezikrelekrele. Xa ezi zixhobo zidibana nombane ogqithisileyo ngequbuliso, kusenokwenzeka ukuba zonakale, nto leyo engachaphazeli ubomi bemihla ngemihla kuphela, kodwa inokubangela iindleko zokulungisa okanye zokutshintsha ezibizayo.

Umzekelo, thabatha indlu esedolophini eFlorida, eMelika. Ngesinye isihlandlo, kwabakho umbane kufutshane, nto leyo eyabangela ukwanda okukhulu kombane, kwaye izixhobo zombane ezininzi zeentsapho ezikufutshane zonakala, ezifana neeTV, ii-routers, kunye neenkqubo ze-HVAC. Nangona kunjalo, olunye usapho lwafaka isithinteli sokukhusela ukuqhuma kwendlu yonke kwibhodi ephambili yokuhambisa izinto kwangaphambili, kwaye azange yenzeke nto, ngelixa abanye abamelwane belahlekelwa kakhulu.

(II) Inkqubo Yokuvelisa Amandla Elanga

Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakhulu kweephaneli zelanga, ukubaluleka kokukhusela ukugqobhoza kuye kwanda kakhulu. Inkqubo yokugcina amandla e-inverter kunye nebhetri kwinkqubo yokuvelisa umbane welanga zibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye zisengozini yokugqobhoza.

EJamani, umninimzi wafaka isikhuseli sesibini sokunyuka kwamandla kagesi xa kufakwa i-inverter yelanga. Kamva, i-transformer ekufutshane yasilela, nto leyo eyabangela ukuguquguquka kwegridi. Ngenxa yesikhuseli sokunyuka kwamandla kagesi, i-voltage engaphezulu yaphambukiswa kwaye i-inverter yathintelwa ukuba yonakale, nto leyo ebengayi kubiza ngaphezulu kwe-2,000 yee-euro ukuyitshintsha.

2. Izicelo zorhwebo nezemizi-mveliso

(I) Amaziko eDatha

Amaziko edatha aneemfuno zamandla ezikhethekileyo kakhulu kwaye kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba umbane awuphazanyiswa ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweeseva. Nokuba ukunyuka okuncinci kunokubangela ukulahleka kwedatha okanye umonakalo kwiseva, nto leyo ekhokelela kwilahleko enkulu kwezoqoqosho.

IZiko leDatha likaGoogle eSingapore ngumzekelo omhle. Iziko ledatha lisebenzisa inkqubo yokukhusela ukuvuza kwamanqanaba amaninzi, kunye ne-level 1 surge protector (lightning arrester) efakwe emnyango kunye ne-level 3 surge protector (end-use) efakwe kufutshane neseva. Ngesinye isihlandlo, iziko ledatha labethwa ngqo ngumbane, kodwa i-surge protector yawuphelisa ngempumelelo loo mphumo wamanzi yaza yaphepha ixesha lokungasebenzi elalinokubangela ilahleko yengeniso yezigidi zeerandi.

(II) Izityalo zokuvelisa

Kwimizi-mveliso, izixhobo ezifana noomatshini bemizi-mveliso, abalawuli be-logic abacwangciswayo (ii-PLC) kunye nezixhobo zomatshini ze-CNC zinobuthathaka kakhulu kutshintsho lwe-voltage. Xa i-voltage ingaqhelekanga, ezi zixhobo zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle.

Umzi-mveliso weemoto weToyota eJapan uyazi kakuhle le nto. Baxhobise oomatshini babo bokutywina iirobhothi ngezixhobo zokukhusela ukuxhuzula. Ngesinye isihlandlo, kwabakho umbane kufutshane nomzi-mveliso, kodwa umkhuseli wokuxhuzula wakhusela ngempumelelo iingalo zeerobhothi ezili-15 ekonakalisweni. Kuqikelelwa ukuba oku konge malunga ne-$500,000 kwiindleko zokulungisa ezinokubakho.

(III) Amaziko ezempilo

Izibonelelo zonyango ezifana nezibhedlele zixhomekeke kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo, ezinje ngoomatshini be-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ii-ventilators, kunye neenkqubo zokubeka esweni. Xa ezi zixhobo zonakele, aziyi kubangela ilahleko kwezoqoqosho kuphela, kodwa ziya kuchaphazela nonyango kunye nokhathalelo lwezigulane.

Kwisibhedlele eSydney, eOstreliya, kufakelwa izixhobo zokukhusela utyando oluphezulu kuzo zonke izixhobo ezikwiyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU). Xa kwabakho isivuthuvuthu sombane kuloo ndawo, isixhobo sokukhusela utyando saphumelela ekuthinteleni umonakalo kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo saza saqinisekisa ukuba izigulana zinokufumana unyango olungenakuphazamiseka.

3Unxibelelwano kunye neziseko zophuhliso

(I) Izikhululo zesiseko ezihambayo

Iinqaba zonxibelelwano zijoliswa lula kukubethwa ngumbane ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezinde. Nje ukuba zibethwe, iinkonzo zenethiwekhi zinokuphazanyiswa, nto leyo ebangela ingxaki enkulu kubasebenzisi.

Umqhubi wezonxibelelwano eSeoul, eMzantsi Korea, uthathe amanyathelo asebenzayo. Bafake uhlobo lwesikhuseli sokunyuka kwentaba kwiinqaba zabo ze-5G. Ngexesha lemvula, ezi nqaba zabethwa ngumbane amaxesha amaninzi, kodwa ngenxa yokukhuselwa kwezikhuseli zokunyuka kwentaba, bekungekho xesha lokungasebenzi, ngelixa ezo ndawo zingenazo izikhuseli zokunyuka kwentaba zazifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo.

(II) Inkqubo yoLawulo lweeNdlela

Ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweNkqubo yoThutho oluNgqondi (i-ITS) akwahlulwa kumbane ozinzileyo, ofuna ukusebenza ngokungaphazanyiswa kwezixhobo ezifana nemiqondiso yokulawula kunye neekhamera zokujonga.

Kwiprojekthi yesixeko esikrelekrele saseDubai, inkqubo yolawulo lwezithuthi ixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokukhusela ukuvuza kombane kwisilawuli sesignali. Ngesinye isihlandlo, isikhululo esikufutshane asizange siphumelele, nto leyo eyabangela ukuvuza kombane. Kodwa isixhobo sokukhusela ukuvuza kombane sayiphelisa ngempumelelo ingxaki saza saphepha ingxubakaxaka yezithuthi eyayinokuba ibangelwe kukusilela kwesignali.

4Intsimi yamandla avuselelekayo

(I) Iiturbine zomoya

Iifama zomoya zifumaneka kakhulu kwiindawo ezivulekileyo kwaye zisengozini yokubethwa ngumbane. Nje ukuba inkqubo yolawulo lwe-turbine yonakale, ayizukubangela ukuvalwa kwezixhobo kuphela, kodwa inokubangela nelahleko enkulu kwezoqoqosho.

Ifama yomoya engaselunxwemeni lolwandle oluseMantla e-United Kingdom ibaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lokuhamba ngamandla. Bafake izikhuseli zokuhamba ngamandla kwinkqubo yolawulo lwe-turbine. Ngesinye isihlandlo, ifama yomoya yabethwa ngqo ngumbane, kodwa isikhuseli sokuhamba ngamandla sayithintela ngempumelelo ingozi kwinkqubo ye-SCADA saza saphepha ilahleko yexesha lokungasebenzi ezazinokuba ziphezulu njenge-£1 yezigidi.

(II) Izikhululo zokutshaja zeZithuthi zoMbane (i-EV)

Ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezikhululo zokutshaja zezithuthi zombane kufuna ukhuseleko oluqinileyo lokungena ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko nokuthembeka.

Umzekelo, cinga ngeTesla Supercharger Network eCalifornia. ITesla isebenzise amanyathelo okukhusela ukutshaja kwizikhululo zayo zeSupercharger. Kwimeko yokungazinzi kwegridi, isikhuseli sokutshaja siphumelele ekuthinteleni umonakalo kwiyunithi yokutshaja, siqinisekisa inkonzo eqhubekayo kubasebenzisi bezithuthi zombane.

5Izicelo zezoLimo

(I) Iinkqubo zokuNcedisa

Uninzi lweenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela ezolimo zanamhlanje zixhomekeke kubalawuli be-elektroniki ukuze zisebenze ngokuzenzekelayo. Xa aba balawuli bechaphazeleka kukunyuka kwamandla, banokubangela ukuba inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ingaphumeleli, nto leyo echaphazela ukukhula kwezityalo.

Isakhiwo sezolimo eNetherlands salungiselelwa kwangaphambili. Bafake izikhuseli zokunkcenkceshela ezizenzekelayo kwiinkqubo zabo zokunkcenkceshela. Xa i-transformer ekufutshane ingaphumeleli yaza yabangela ukunyuka kwamandla, i-surge protector yayikhusela ngempumelelo iyunithi yolawulo kwaye yaphepha ukungaphumeleli kokunkcenkceshela izityalo.

Isiphelo

Izikhuseli zokugquma zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezinobungozi obukhulu. Nokuba zizixhobo zokuhlala, oomatshini bemizi-mveliso, okanye iinkqubo zonxibelelwano kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo, izikhuseli zokugquma zithintela ngempumelelo umonakalo omkhulu kunye nokulahlekelwa kwezoqoqosho. Eli nqaku libonisa ngokupheleleyo indima ephambili edlalwa zizikhuseli zokugquma ekuqinisekiseni ukuqhubeka kokusebenza kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngothotho lwezifundo zamatyala.

Namhlanje, ihlabathi lethu liya lisiba nombane ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye ukutyala imali kwiindlela zokukhusela ukuvuza ezisemgangathweni akuseyonto nje yokuthintela, kodwa lukhetho oluyimfuneko.