Yintoni Umsebenzi woMkhuseli woKhuphelo?

Ndisakhumbula umhla owatsho ngawo umbane wam wabiza umthengi wam isiqingatha sesigidi seedola. Ifleshi enye, yonke irakhi yakhe ye-PLC yajika yaba ziingceba ezibizayo.

Isithinteli sokunyuka siyajika okanye sifunxe ii-voltage spikes eziyingozi ngaphambi kokuba zifikelele kwizixhobo ezibuthathaka, ukuze oomatshini bakho, idatha kunye nenzuzo yakho zihlale zikhuselekile. Ndiyibukele le sixhobo silula sigcina yonke imigca yemveliso eTshayina, eJamani nase-UK.

Ukuba uthenga izixhobo zokukhusela isekhethi Ukuze uphile, sele uyazi ukuba amaxabiso abalulekile. Qhubeka ufunda kwaye ndiza kukubonisa indlela yokunciphisa iindleko zobunini ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukhuseleko.

Ukuqonda u-Sukhuseleko lokukhuthaza kwiindawo zoshishino nezorhwebo?

Ndihambe kwifektri yezixhobo zeemoto esebenza iiyure ezingama-24 eWenzhou kwinyanga ephelileyo. Umphathi undixelele ukuba iyure nganye yexesha lokungasebenzi ixabisa i-38,000 USD. Ukunyuka okukodwa kunokudala elo xesha lokungasebenzi kwiisekhondi ezi-3.

Ukhuseleko lokushushu kwemizi-mveliso luthintela ii-over-voltages ezidlulayo ezidalwe ngumbane, ukutshintsha igridi, kunye neeVariable Frequency Drives ukuba zingafikeleli kwii-PLC, iiseva, kunye neerobhothi. Ndiyila ezi nkqubo zemizila yeemoto yaseJamani kunye namaziko edatha aseBritane veki nganye.

Usenokucinga ukuba ukugaleleka ngamandla yinto nje ekhanyayo. Inyaniso iyingozi kakhulu, kwaye ibiza kancinci ukuyimisa kunokuyilungisa.

Apho kuvela khona ukunyuka okukhulu

Umbane ngowona mthombo uphezulu, kodwa awungowona uxhaphakileyo. Ndilinganisa ii-spikes ezininzi ngaphakathi kunasesibhakabhakeni. Ukucima kwemoto ye-100 hp kunokubuyisela umva i-1,800 V kwibhasi efanayo eyondla i-sensor yakho. Ukunyuka kuthatha ii-microsecond ezingama-50 kuphela, kodwa kwanele ukubhoboza i-gate oxide ye-MOSFET. Ndiyibonile le nto kwisityalo sokupakisha saseVietnam. Songeze i-40 kA Type 2 protector kwi-sub-panel, kwaye izinga lokungaphumeleli lehla ukusuka kwiibhodi ezi-3 ngenyanga ukuya kwi-zero kwiinyanga ezili-14.

Ingakanani ingozi?

Ndicele iqela lam ukuba likhuphe idatha kwiifektri ezingama-200 esizisebenzelayo. Sifumanise ukuba indawo engenalo ukhuselo lokushushu ibona ukuvalwa okungacwangciswanga okungama-7.4 ngonyaka. Ukuvalwa ngakunye kuthatha iiyure ezingama-4.2. Ukuba umda wakho yi-50 k USD ngosuku, oko kuthetha ukuba yi-1.5 yezigidi zeedola zokuvezwa rhoqo ngonyaka. Isikhuselo sefektri yonke sixabisa ngaphantsi kwe-0.3% yelo nani. Ixesha lokuhlawula liziintsuku ezili-11, hayi iinyanga ezili-11.

Imigangatho ekufuneka uyifezekise

Ndithumela eYurophu, ngoko ke yonke into endiyithengisayo ine-CE kunye ne-TÜV ephawulwe. Sivavanya ngokwe-IEC 61643-11. Ukuba ungenisa eJamani, udinga ne-VDE 0675. Ndigcina ezo fayile ngesiNgesi nangesiJamani, zilungele ifolda yakho yesatifikethi. Ungazithumela kumthengi wakho wokugqibela ngaloo mini ufumana ngayo iimpahla.

Imisebenzi Ephambili Yomkhuseli Wokugqabhuka?

Kwikota ephelileyo ndincede inkampani yaseFransi yokubhaka-oomatshini. Bathumele umgca omtsha eKhanada, kwaye uvavanyo lokuqala lokunyuka aluphumelelanga. Songeze imodyuli yethu yokudibanisa, kwaye inkqubo yaphumelela ngentsasa elandelayo.

Isithinteli sokunyuka kwe-surge siyayiva i-voltage engaphezulu, siyibambe ifikelele kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo, size emva koko sizise kwakhona ukuze imveliso iqhubeke ngaphandle kokungenelela ngesandla.Ndivavanya yonke iyunithi kwijenereyitha yethu yangoku ye-8/20 µs ngaphambi kokuba iphume kwidokhi yethu yaseWenzhou.

Usenokukholelwa ukuba izixhobo zokushushuluza ziibhokisi zesinyithi ezilula. Ngaphakathi, iinxalenye ezintathu ezincinci zigqiba ukuba umgca wakho uyahamba okanye uyatsha.

Umdaniso onezigaba ezintathu

Ndisoloko ndichaza lo msebenzi ngamanyathelo amathathu. Inyathelo 1: isixhobo sokumisa igesi sithatha intsimbi yokuqala. Sitsha kwi-600 V kwaye senze i-short. Inyathelo 2: i-metal-oxide varistor (MOV) ifunxa amandla amaninzi. Inyathelo 3: i-TVS diode iklipha i-30 V yokugqibela ukuze i-24 V PLC yakho ingaboni ngaphezu kwe-37 V. Ndiyibeke kwindawo yethu yelebhu. Lonke olu suku luphela nge-9 nanoseconds, ngokukhawuleza kunokuba i-HMI yakho inokuqhwanyaza.

Isixhumi sobushushu

IiMOV ziyaguga. Xa iMOV ingaphumeleli, inokukhawuleza ivuthe umlilo. Ndongeza i-thermal fuse edityanisiweyo emzimbeni weMOV. Kwi-142 °C i-fuse iyavula ize itsale i-MOV ingasebenzi. Ndineefoto zovavanyo lwe-UL 1449 4th edition ezingabonisi mlilo emva kwemizuzu engama-30. Umshwalense wakho womlilo uza kuyithanda loo fayile.

Unxibelelwano olukude

Izityalo ezinkulu zifuna ukwazi ukuba isithinteli sifile ngaphambi kokuba kubekho ukuqhuma okulandelayo. Ndongeza unxibelelwano olungenangxaki. Ungayiqhagamshela kwi-SCADA yakho. Xa isithinteli singaphumeleli, i-PLC yakho ifumana isignali ye-24 V kwaye ucwangcisa ukutshintshana ngexesha lokuma okulandelayo okucwangcisiweyo. Akukho kufowunelwa phakathi kobusuku, akukho mthwalo ongxamisekileyo.

Kutheni Ukhuseleko Oluphezulu Lubalulekile Kumashishini?

Ndalahlekelwa ngumthengi wase-UK ngo-2019. Washiya izikhuseli ukuze onge i-2,300 USD. Kwabakho isivuthuvuthu, satshabalalisa iidrive ezili-18, kwaye umshwalense wakhe wala ibango. Wasivala isityalo emva kweenyanga ezimbini.

Ukhuseleko lokushushuluza lugcina ingeniso ingena, iziqinisekiso zisebenza, kwaye igama lophawu likhuselekile.Ndinazo iileta ezivela kubalawuli bezemali abasibiza ngokuba ngamaqhawe, kungekhona ababoneleli.

Ungalandela ixabiso ngeyunithi nganye. I-CFO yakho ilandela i-EBITDA. Ukunyuka kube kanye kunokucima ukonga kweminyaka elishumi.

Iindleko ezifihlakeleyo ozilibalayo

Xa i-drive ingaphumeleli, uhlawula inxalenye, ingcali, i-crane, kunye ne-batch elahlekileyo. Ndizidwelisa kwiphepha elilula kwisicatshulwa ngasinye. I-drive ye-75 kW ixabisa i-4,800 USD. I-crane ixabisa i-600 USD. Ilahleko ye-batch yi-12,000 USD. Iyonke yi-17,400 USD. Umkhuseli wam uxabisa i-89 USD. Izibalo azinambeko, kodwa zinyanisekile.

Imithetho yewaranti

Ndinika iwaranti yeminyaka emi-5 kuyo yonke i-protector, kodwa kuphela ukuba ulandela i-IEC 60364-5-53 kwaye uyifake kwiphaneli echanekileyo. Ukuba uyayitsiba i-protector, iwaranti yakho ye-OEM kwi-drive inokuba yinto engasebenziyo. Ndibone i-Siemens iphika ibango le-25 k USD kuba indawo yayingenayo i-SPD. Umthengi wasityhola, kodwa impazamo yayilukhetho lwakhe.

Iprimiyamu yeinshorensi

Ndisebenza nomshwalense waseJamani onika isaphulelo se-5% kwiprimiyamu ukuba isityalo sinee-SPD eziqinisekisiweyo kwinqanaba ngalinye. Kwipolisi ye-400 k USD egcina i-20 k USD minyaka le. Abakhuseli bayazihlawulela kwiiveki ezi-6, baze benze inzuzo epheleleyo kwiminyaka eli-19 ezayo.

Ukukhetha Isisombululo Esifanelekileyo Sokukhusela Ukunyuka?

Umthengi waseMilan undithumelele i-imeyile izolo ebusuku. Ubeneekowuteshini ezintathu, nganye inereyithingi eyahlukileyo yangoku. Ubuze wathi, “Yeyiphi eyaneleyo?” Ndimthumelele impendulo yomgca omnye: “Linganisa umngcipheko, hayi ixabiso.”

Khetha isithinteli esihambelana nenqanaba lakho lokuchatshazelwa, umbane wempazamo, kwaye esinezatifikethi ezifanelekileyo kwimarike yakho.Ndisebenzisa olu balo kwispredishithi yonke imihla kubathengi kumazwe ali-11.

Ungaziva ulahlekile phakathi kweelebhile zohlobo 1, uhlobo 2, kunye nohlobo 3. Ndiyinciphisile ingxolo kwaye ndikunike imibuzo emithathu.

Umbuzo 1: Uphi umbane?

Ndivula iiGoogle Maps ndize ndijonge ubungakanani bombane. Ukuba isityalo sakho sikwindawo eneefleshi ezi-4/km²/ngonyaka, udinga iType 1 emnyango wenkonzo. Ukuba ungaphantsi kweefleshi ezi-0.5, iType 2 yanele. Ndigcina imephu yehlabathi enale datha. Ndiyithumela simahla ngexabiso ngalinye.

Umbuzo 2: Ingakanani i-short-circuit current yakho?

Ndiyifundile ipleyiti yakho yetransformer. Itransformer ye-1,600 kVA inika amandla ombane angama-35 kA. Umkhuseli wam kufuneka asinde kuloo nto. Ndikhetha iyunithi enomlinganiselo we-50 kA SCC. Ukuba uthenga isixhobo se-15 kA ukuze wonge i-12 USD, siya kuqhuma ngexesha lomonakalo wokuqala. Ndinazo iifoto, kwaye zimbi.

Umbuzo 3: Ngaba ufuna i-plugable?

Abanye abathengi bafuna ixesha lokungasebenzi. Ndinikezela ngekhatriji enokutsalwa. Xa imodyuli ingaphumeleli, uyitshintsha ngemizuzwana eli-9. Akukho screwdriver, akukho cingo luphinda lusetyenziswe. Isityalo siyaqhubeka nokusebenza. Imodyuli eseleyo ixabisa i-28 USD. Utshintsho olunye lugcina ngaphezulu koko ngexesha lokungasebenzi.

Iindlela Zexesha Elizayo KwiTekhnoloji Yokukhusela Ukunyuka?

Ndema eqongeni laseHannover Messe ngo-Epreli ophelileyo ndabonisa isikhuseli esinekhowudi ye-QR. Abaphulaphuli bahleka, ndade ndasiskena kwaye idatha ephilayo yavela kwiscreen.

Izikhuseli zokushushu zangomso ziza kuthetha nelifu lakho, ziqikelele ukusilela, kwaye zi-odole ezazo eziza kutshintsha ngaphambi kokuba wazi ukuba ziyagula.Sele ndizakhe ezi zinto eWenzhou, kwaye sizivavanya nge-beta ngeziko ledatha laseBerlin.

Usenokucinga ukuba izixhobo ze-surge zivuthiwe. Ndibona utshintsho oluthathu oluza kutshintsha uluhlu lwakho lokuthenga kwiinyanga ezingama-24 ezizayo.

Ii-MOV zeGraphene

Sitshintsha i-zinc-oxide nge-graphene. I-MOV entsha iphatha amandla angaphezu kwe-5× kwaye ihlala ipholile. Ndisebenzise i-40 kA hit kabini kwisixhobo esinye. Ukunyuka kobushushu bekuyi-42°C kuphela. I-MOV eqhelekileyo ifikelela kwi-120°C kwaye iyasilela. Iyunithi ye-graphene ixabisa i-2.3× namhlanje, kodwa ixabiso lihla nge-18% kwikota nganye. Ndiqikelela ukulingana ngo-2026.

Imodeli yobomi eqhutywa yi-AI

Ndifaka i-MCU encinci ebala yonke into ebethayo, ndibhale umbane, kwaye ndisebenzise isihluzo seKalman. Itshiphu ixela ukuba isiphelo sobomi siphela kwiintsuku ezi-±5. Ufumana i-imeyile ethi, “Imodyuli kwiPanel 3B iya kusilela kwiintsuku ezili-12. Inxalenye eseleyo sele ikwindawo yakho yokugcina izinto.” Akukho kuhlolwa ngabantu, akumangalisi.

Iinkqubo ze-48 V DC

Izityalo ezininzi ziya kwi-48 V DC bus yelanga kunye neebhetri. Ndiyila izikhuseli ezibamba kwi-65 V kwaye ziphathe i-100 A ngokuqhubekayo. Le yunithi ikwasebenza kwiitower ze-telecom kunye neetshaja ze-forklift. I-SKU enye igubungela iimarike ezimbini, ngoko ke unciphisa iindleko ze-inventory ngama-30%.

Isiphelo

Ndithumele iiprotectors ezingaphezu kwama-480,000 kumazwe angama-34. Zonke bezingabizi kakhulu kunexesha lokungasebenzi elithintelayo. Ndithumelele umzobo wakho wephaneli, kwaye ndiza kukubuyisela isicwangciso sephepha elinye esinciphisa umngcipheko wakho kunye ne-TCO yakho ukususela kwiveki ezayo.