Abakhuseli Bokugquma: "Isihlangu Esingabonakaliyo" Esikhusela Ubomi Banamhlanje

1. Iingozi zeVoltage: "Ababulali Abathuleyo" Phakathi Kwethu

Kwikhaya elingaphandle kweBangalore, eIndiya, uRajiv usakhumbula intlekele yexesha lemvula yonyaka ophelileyo—emva kwesiphango, iTV yakhe entsha yeLCD, ifriji, kunye nee-air conditioner ezimbini zonke zayeka ukusebenza ngaxeshanye. Ingcali yokulungisa yamnika isifo esingalindelekanga: "Yayingekuko ukubetha kombane ngqo. Umonakalo wabangelwa kukunyuka kwamandla ombane okubangelwe yigridi."

Amabali afanayo ayenzeka kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokwedatha evela eMunich Re, amabango e-inshorensi yehlabathi yezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezonakeleyo ngenxa yokunyuka kwamandla ombane anyuke nge-17% ngo-2022 kuphela. Okuxhalabisa nangakumbi kukuba, malunga nama-65% ezixhobo ezichaphazelekayo azinawo umbane okhethekileyo oguquguqukayo.

"Abantu bahlala beyithatha lula into yokuba amandla ombane akhawuleza anyuke," ucacisa uNjingalwazi uChen Zhiming ovela kwiSebe lezoBunjineli boMbane kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseSingapore. "Ukunyuka kwamandla ombane okuhlala ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sesigidi somzuzwana kunokuguqula izixhobo ezibuthathaka ezixabisa amashumi amawaka eedola zibe ziingceba zesinyithi."

2. Ukhuseleko Lokugqabhuka: Uguquko Lwezobuchwepheshe ukusuka Kwiifektri ukuya Kumagumbi Okuhlala

Ukwanda kwezikhuseli zokuntywila kubonisa ukuvela kokhuseleko lombane ngokwalo. Ngeminyaka yoo-1970, ezi zixhobo zazisetyenziswa kuphela kwizakhiwo zoshishino ezinzima. Iinjineli zaseSiemens eRuhr Valley yaseJamani zafaka iiprototypes zokuqala ukukhusela iinkqubo zokulawula isinyithi esineempawu ezininzi.

Amaxesha atshintshile. Namhlanje, izixhobo zokukhusela ukuxinana kwamanzi (ii-SPD) ziye zaba yinto eqhelekileyo. ETokyo, izakhiwo zeeflethi zanamhlanje zixhotyiswe kwangaphambili ngeenkqubo zokukhusela ezinamanqanaba amathathu. ELos Angeles, abafaki bezindlu abakrelekrele baphatha ii-SPD njengesiqhelo. Kwaye kwimarike ye-elektroniki yaseHuaqiangbei eShenzhen, iziqwenga zamandla ezikhuselweyo kukuxinana kwamanzi ezinee-USB ports zithengiswa ngaphantsi kwe-100 yuan.

“Le marike iyahluka,” uphawula uMaria Gonzalez, umhlalutyi kwiFrost & Sullivan. “Iimarike eziphezulu zifuna izisombululo ezikrelekrele nezidibeneyo, ngelixa ezoqoqosho ezisakhasayo zibeka phambili ukhuseleko olusisiseko ‘olufanelekileyo’.”

3. Imbono yeMarike yeHlabathi: Iindlela zoMmandla

IYurophu ikhetha izisombululo ezicwangcisiweyo. EBerlin, ama-85% ezakhiwo ezintsha zokuhlala aquka ukhuseleko lokugaleleka kwendlu yonke, oluqhutywa yimithetho eqinileyo yokwakha.

Abathengi baseMntla Melika babonisa imikhwa yokwenene. UMike Johnson, ingcali yombane evela eTexas, uthi, "Uninzi lwabathengi lucinga nge-SPDs kuphela emva kokulahlekelwa. Kufana ne-inshorensi—abantu bacinga ukuba iintlekele aziyi kubafikela."

KuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, abenzi bezinto ezintsha balungisa izisombululo ngokweemeko zasekuhlaleni. Ii-SPDs ze-ElecSure ezingakwaziyo ukufuma zaseThailand, ezenzelwe imozulu eshushu, zifumene isabelo semarike se-15% kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva kokuqaliswa.

4. Ukungakhathalelwa koBungozi

Kwanakwimimandla enolwazi olunzulu ngokhuseleko lokugaleleka kwamanzi, kusasekho iingcamango eziphosakeleyo. Uphando lweYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseSeoul lutyhile oku:

- Ama-42% abantu abaphenduleyo bakholelwa ukuba "izixhobo ezibizayo zinokhuseleko olwakhelwe ngaphakathi"
- Ama-68% ayengazi ukuba ii-SPD zifuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo
- Phantse ama-90% eentsapho azikaze zivavanye iinkqubo zazo zokufaka umhlaba

“Ezona ngozi zinkulu azizongozi ezingaziwayo, kodwa zezo zingaqondwa kakuhle,” utshilo uKim Min-chul weKorea Electrical Safety Corporation.

5. Ikamva Lifikile: Ukhuseleko Lwesizukulwana Esilandelayo

KwiGeneva International Inventions Exhibition, inkampani yaseSwitzerland iGuardTech's "self-healing" SPD yabangela uvuyo. Isebenzisa izinto ezincinci, inokuphinda ibuyele esiqhelweni emva kokunyuka okukhulu, ngokwethiyori ihlala ixesha elide ngokuphindwe kalishumi kuneemodeli zesiqhelo.

Okwangoku, i-AI ingena kweli candelo. Inkqubo yokubeka esweni amandla yeHuawei isebenzisa ukufunda koomatshini ukuqikelela iingxaki zegridi, ivuselela ukhuseleko ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke.

"Oku kuyatshintsha ngaphaya kokuzikhusela okungenamsebenzi," utshilo uMongameli we-IEEE Power Electronics Society uDavid Freeman. "Kuya kuba lukhuselo olukrelekrele nolusebenzayo."

Isiphelo: Ukhuseleko olungabonakaliyo, ikamva elibonakalayo  

Imbali yetekhnoloji yokukhusela ukuvuza kwamanzi ifana nengxelo emfutshane yokufakelwa kombane kwanamhlanje. Ukususela kwizixhobo zoshishino ezibuthathaka ukuya kubagcini bamakhaya abakrelekrele banamhlanje, ii-SPD zibonisa ukuqonda okunzulu koluntu ngamandla ombane.

Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu lusiya lusanda kwaye imozulu embi ikhula rhoqo, mhlawumbi sonke sifanele sizibuze: Xa sithenga loo TV ihlakaniphileyo yanamhlanje, akufanele sityale imali kwi "voltage bodyguard" ethembekileyo?

■ Iingcebiso ezikhawulezayo:

Ukukhetha Abakhuseli Bokunyuka Kwasekhaya
1. Jonga iziqinisekiso (UL, CE, CCC)
2. Thelekisa inqanaba lokhuseleko nexabiso lesixhobo
3. Vavanya rhoqo ngonyaka
4. Qaphela ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kombane
5. Khetha iimodeli ezinezalathisi zesimo