1.Iingozi ezifihlakeleyo emva koshishino lwe-photovoltaic olukhulayo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imakethi yehlabathi ye-photovoltaic ibikhula ngesantya esimangalisayo, njengerokethi. Ndisakhumbula xa ndandiye kumboniso wamandla elanga eJamani kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, amandla emodyuli ephambili ayemalunga ne-300W. Ngoku, akuqhelekanga ukubona iimodyuli ze-600W+ ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kolu nyuko lokufakelwa, umba obalulekileyo uhlala ungajongwa - ukhuseleko lwenkqubo.

Kunyaka ophelileyo, inkampani yethu yasingatha ityala elivela eTurkey: isikhululo samandla esixhonywe emhlabeni esingu-5MW. Emva kweenyanga ezintathu siqhagamshelwe kwigridi, ii-inverters ezine zatsha zilandelana. Ngexesha lophando lwangaphakathi, kwafunyaniswa ukuba umnini wonge iindleko ngokushiya izixhobo zokukhusela ukuvuza kwicala le-DC. Ilahleko yokugqibela yayingaphezulu kwe-200,000 yeedola zaseMelika, eyayanele ukuthenga amakhulu ee-SPD eziphezulu. Izifundo ezinjalo aziqhelekanga kushishino.

2."Ababulali beVoltage" bajongene neenkqubo ze-photovoltaic

2.1Ukubetha kombane: isoyikiso esiyingozi kakhulu

Ndifumene iprojekthi yokongeza amandla okuloba ngemitha eHainan. Indawo yasekuhlaleni ineentsuku ezingaphezu kwama-90 zemvula minyaka le. Umphathi wabo wokusebenza undixelele ukuba ngaphambi kokufaka i-SPD, babesoloko bekwimeko embi ngexesha lemvula minyaka le. Isiganeko esibi kakhulu kukuba umbane owabangelwa kukutshayiswa ngumbane wabangela ukuba zonke ii-inverters zohlobo lwentambo kulo lonke uluhlu "zitshaye" kunye.

Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ukubetha kombane ngokuthe ngqo kuphela kuyingozi. Enyanisweni, idatha yethu yokufumanisa ibonisa ukuba ukubetha kombane ngaphakathi kwirediyasi yeekhilomitha ezi-3 kunokuvelisa ukunyuka okubangelwayo okunamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba konakalisa izixhobo. Kwakukho iprojekthi yaseBrazil apho indawo yokubetha kombane yayikwifama ekufutshane, kodwa yabangela ukuba zonke iimodyuli zokujonga inkqubo ye-photovoltaic zingasebenzi.

2.2Ukuguquguquka kweGrid: Umbulali Ongabonakaliyo

Xa sasibandakanyeka ekuqalisweni kweprojekthi yophahla eVietnam kunyaka ophelileyo, sabhala idatha emangalisayo: Ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane kwigridi yamandla yasekuhlaleni ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kombane okuphezulu kudla ngokudlula i-15%. Oku kuphazamiseka kwamandla ombane okuqhubekayo kuyonakalisa ubomi bezixhobo kunokunyuka kwamandla ngoko nangoko.

Eyona ngxaki inzima kakhulu yi-surge current eveliswa yinkqubo ye-photovoltaic ngokwayo. Khumbula, xa wayevavanya uhlobo oluthile lwe-inverter, i-voltage spike eyayivelisa ngexesha lokuvala yayiphindwe kane kune-voltage elinganisiweyo! Olu hlobo lwe-surge current "ezivelisayo nezizisebenzisayo" yinto abanini bepropathi abaninzi abangayiqapheliyo.

3.I-SPD ikhusela njani inkqubo ye-photovoltaic?

3.1Ukhuseleko olunemigangatho emininzi: Nxiba "ivesti engangenisi bullet" kwinkqubo

Inkqubo yokukhusela elungileyo ifanele ifane netswele elinokhuselo oluninzi. Sihlala sicebisa ukuba abathengi basebenziseicebo lokukhusela elinamanqanaba amathathu:

Inqanaba le-array:Faka i-Type 2 SPD kwibhokisi yokudibanisa ukuze ukhuseleke kwizibane ezibangelwa kakhulu.

Inqanaba le-Inverter: Sebenzisa i-SPD ye-photovoltaic ekhethekileyo kwicala lokufaka i-DC. Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekukhetheni i-voltage ye-Uc.

Indawo yoqhagamshelo lwegridi:Faka i-SPD elungelelaniswe neempawu zegridi zasekuhlaleni kwicala le-AC.

3.2Ukukhetha Ukungaqondi: Okukhona iparameter iphezulu, kokukhona ingcono

Kudla ngokubonwa ukuba abathengi balandela ngokungaziboni amaxabiso aphezulu e-Imax. Enyanisweni, kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ezisasaziweyo, umthamo wokukhupha i-20kA wanele. Isitshixo sikule:

- Amandla okulinganisa iVolthi (Uc ≥ 1.2 × Ubuninzi beVolthi yenkqubo)

- Inqanaba le-voltage eseleyo (Oku kubalulekile kuba kugqiba ukuba izixhobo zinokukhuseleka ngokwenene na)

- Umsebenzi wokubonisa ukubola (Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kunokuthintela "i-zombie SPD")

Umthengi wase-Australia wagxininisa ekufakeni i-SPD enomlinganiselo we-40kA. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokukhethwa kwe-voltage ephantsi kakhulu ye-Uc, i-SPD yaluphala ngaphambi kwexesha xa inkqubo yayiphantsi komthwalo omncinci.

3.3Musa ukuvumela ukusilela kokhuseleko kudodobalise imbuyekezo yotyalo-mali

Ndibone abaninimzi abaninzi abanobuchule abazimisele ukuchitha imali eninzi kwizinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu kodwa abalumke kakhulu malunga nokhuseleko lwenkqubo. Enyanisweni, isisombululo se-SPD (Surge Protective Device) esiyilwe kakuhle sidla ngokuba yi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.5% yeendleko zeprojekthi iyonke, kodwa sinokuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kombane okungaphezulu kwe-80%.

Kucetyiswa ukuba wonke umntu aqwalasele oku kulandelayo ngexesha lesigaba soyilo:

- Idatha yendawo malunga neentsuku zeendudumo (enokufumaneka lula kwi-ofisi yemozulu)

- Iingxelo zomgangatho wegridi

- Imigangatho yokunyamezela ukunyuka okumiselwe ngabavelisi bezixhobo

Isiphelo

Ukuze inkqubo ye-photovoltaic isebenze ngokuzinzileyo kangangeminyaka engama-25, ifuna ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo lokunyuka kwesantya. Kufana nokusebenza kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngaphandle kokunxiba ibhanti lokhuseleko - mhlawumbi uyakwazi ukuhlala ukhuselekile amaxesha okuqala angama-99, kodwa okwe-100 kunokukubiza kakhulu.