Intshayelelo

Kwimeko yokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla kwihlabathi liphela, iinkqubo zokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic (ilanga), ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezicocekileyo, ezivuselelekayo, nezizinzileyo, ziba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yecandelo elitsha lamandla. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokusebenza, iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic zijongene neengozi ezahlukeneyo zombane ezifana nokubetha kombane, ukuguquguquka kwegridi, kunye nokukhupha umbane, okunokubangela umonakalo kwizixhobo, ukuvalwa kwenkqubo, kunye nemiphumo emibi efana nemililo. Izikhuseli zokunyuka (iSurge Protective Device, SPD) njengecandelo eliphambili lokhuseleko lombane kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic zinokucinezela ngempumelelo i-overvoltages yexeshana kunye ne-surge currents, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwenkqubo. Eli nqaku liza kuhlola nzulu indima ephambili, imigaqo yobugcisa, iikhrayitheriya zokukhetha, kunye neendlela zemarike zezikhuseli zokunyuka kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic, ukuze kuncedwe iingcali zoshishino ziqonde ngcono ukubaluleka kwazo.

Ⅰ. Iingozi zoMbane ezijongene neeNkqubo zePhotovoltaic kunye noBumfuneko boKhuselo oluPhezulu

1.1 Iimpawu zokusingqongileyo kombane kwenkqubo ye-photovoltaic

Iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic zihlala zifakelwa ngaphandle kwaye zichatshazelwe kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe sesichengeni sezisongelo zombane ezilandelayo.

1.1.1 Ukubetha kombane

Ukubetha kombane ngokuthe ngqo okanye ukubetha kombane okubangelwa kukwenza ukuba kubekho umbane ogqithisileyo ophezulu kakhulu kwii-photovoltaic arrays, ii-inverters, kunye neenkqubo zokusasazwa kwamandla.

1.1.2 Ukutshintsha i-Overvoltage

Ukutshintsha igridi, utshintsho lomthwalo, okanye i-inverter start-stop zinokubangela i-overvoltage yokusebenza.

1.1.3 Ukukhupha i-Electrostatic (ESD)

Kwiindawo ezomileyo, ukuqokelelana okungashukumiyo kunokubangela umonakalo kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki.

1.1.4 Ukuguquguquka kweGrid

Ukunyuka ngequbuliso kwe-voltage, ukuwa, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic kunokuchaphazela uzinzo lwenkqubo.

1.2 Iingozi Ibangelwe yi-Surge Currents ukuya kwiiNkqubo zePhotovoltaic

Ukuba amanyathelo okukhusela ukugqobhoza asebenzayo akathathwa, inkqubo ye-photovoltaic inokuhlangabezana nale micimbi ilandelayo:

- Umonakalo kwizixhobo: Izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezichanekileyo ezifana nee-inverters, abalawuli, kunye neenkqubo zokubeka esweni zisengozini yempembelelo ekhawulezayo kwaye zinokungasebenzi kakuhle.

- Ukuncipha kokusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane: Ukuphazamiseka kombane rhoqo kunokubangela ukuvalwa kwenkqubo, nto leyo enciphisa ubungakanani bombane oveliswayo.

- Iingozi zokhuseleko: Umbane ogqithisileyo unokukhokelela kwimililo yombane, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni ubomi babantu kunye nempahla.

1.3 Undoqo Umsebenzi Abakhuseli bokuKhukula

Isithinteli sokunyuka kwamandla kagesi sinokukhupha ngokukhawuleza umsinga wokukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi kwaye sinciphise ukugqitha kwamandla kagesi, siqinisekise ukuba zonke izinto zenkqubo ye-photovoltaic zisebenza ngaphakathi koluhlu lwe-voltage ekhuselekileyo. Sisiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sokuthembeka kunye nobomi benkqubo ye-photovoltaic.

Ⅱ. Ukusebenza Umgaqo kunye noHlelo loBugcisa lwabaKhuseli bokuKhukula

2.1 Isiseko Ukusebenza Umgaqo wabakhuseli bokuKhukula

Umsebenzi ophambili we-SPD kukubona i-overvoltage ngaphakathi kwexesha le-nanosecond kunye nokukhusela inkqubo ngeendlela ezilandelayo

• Ukubopha iVolthi: Ukusebenzisa izinto ezifana neevaristor (MOV) kunye neetyhubhu zokukhupha igesi (GDT) ukunciphisa i-overvoltage ukuya kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo.

• Ukusasazwa kwamandla: Ukuguqula umsinga womoya ungene emhlabeni ukuze ungangeni kwizixhobo.

• Ukubuyela ngokuzenzekelayo: Ezinye ii-SPD zinokubuyela ngokuzenzekelayo kwimeko yazo yokusebenza eqhelekileyo emva kokunyuka okukhulu.

2.2 Ezobugcisa Iimpawu zeZikhuseli zoKhuphelo oluKhethekileyo lweNkqubo zePhotovoltaic

Ngenxa yobuchule beenkqubo ze-photovoltaic, i-SPD yezi nkqubo kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezilandelayo:

- Ukumelana nombane ophezulu: I-voltage ye-DC ye-photovoltaic array inokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-1000V, kwaye i-SPD kufuneka ihambelane nenqanaba lombane ophezulu.

- Umthamo omkhulu wamandla: Uyakwazi ukumelana nefuthe lamandla aphezulu ngexesha lokubetha kombane okanye iisekethe ezimfutshane.

- I-voltage eseleyo ephantsi: Iqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezikhuselweyo azichaphazeleki yi-voltage ephezulu kakhulu.

- Ukumelana nemozulu: Iyakwazi ukumelana neemeko zangaphandle ezinzima ezifana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi, kunye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet.

2.3 Ulwahlulo Abakhuseli bokuKhukula

Ngokwendawo yesicelo kunye nomsebenzi waso, i-SPD ye-photovoltaic inokwahlulwa ngolu hlobo:

• I-DC side SPD: Isetyenziswa phakathi kwe-photovoltaic module kunye ne-inverter, ukukhusela kwi-DC side surges.

• I-SPD esecaleni le-AC: Isetyenziswa ekupheleni kwesiphumo se-inverter, ukukhusela kwiintshukumo ezivela kwicala legridi.

• I-SPD yeSignali: Isetyenziselwa ukukhusela umbane kwiintambo zokufumana idatha kunye nonxibelelwano.

Ⅲ. Ukhetho kunye nezikhokelo zoFakelo lwee-Photovoltaic Surge Protectors

3.1 Isitshixo Iiparameters yoKhetho

• Umbane osebenzayo oqhubekayo ophezulu (Uc): Kufuneka ube phezulu kunevolthi ephezulu yokusebenza kwenkqubo.

• Umsinga wokukhupha oqhelekileyo (In): Ubonakalisa amandla okunyamezela ukugabha kwe-SPD. Ngokubanzi, ixabiso elingaphezulu kwe-20kA liyacetyiswa.

• Inqanaba lokukhusela iVolthi (Phezulu): Okukhona iVolthi eseleyo iphantsi, kokukhona isiphumo sokukhusela singcono.

• Umgangatho wokhuseleko lwe-IP: Ukuze ifakwe ngaphandle, kufuneka ifikelele kwi-IP65 okanye ngaphezulu.

3.2 Ufakelo Iinkcukacha

- Ufakelo lwecala le-DC: Ikufutshane ne-photovoltaic array kunye ne-inverter ukunciphisa ukunyuka kwe-line inductive.

- Iimfuneko zokumisa umhlaba: Qinisekisa ukuba umhlaba umisa umhlaba ngomqobo omncinci ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokusasazeka komhlaba.

- Ukhuseleko oluqhekekileyo: Sebenzisa ii-SPD ezininzi (ezifana neKlasi I + iKlasi II) ukuze ufumane ukhuseleko olupheleleyo.

Ⅳ.Ehlabathini jikelele Ilanga Iindlela zeMarike yoMkhuseli woKhuphuko

4.1 Ukuqhuba Izinto yoKhulo lweeMfuno zeMarike

- Umthamo ofakiweyo wamandla e-photovoltaic uyaqhubeka nokunyuka (kulindeleke ukuba umthamo ofakiweyo wamandla e-photovoltaic kwihlabathi liphela uza kudlula kwi-3000 GW ngo-2030).

- Imithetho yokhuseleko lombane yamazwe ahlukeneyo iya isiba ngqongqo (njengemigangatho efana ne-IEC 61643 kunye ne-UL 1449).

- Ingqwalasela yabanini bayo kukuthembeka nokusebenza kwayo inyukile.

4.2 Ubuchule Isikhokelo kwiTekhnoloji

- I-SPD ekrelekrele: Umsebenzi wokubeka esweni odibeneyo, okwaziyo ukuxilonga i-alamu ekude kunye nokuchonga iimpazamo.

- Uyilo lweModular: Lunceda ukugcinwa nokutshintshwa.

- Ukuguquguquka kobushushu ngokubanzi: Iyakwazi ukumelana neemeko zemozulu eziqatha.

Ⅴ. Isiphelo

Izikhuseli zokunyuka kombane zisisiqinisekiso esiphambili sokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzinzileyo kweenkqubo ze-photovoltaic. Ukukhethwa kwazo, ukufakwa kwazo, kunye nokugcinwa kwazo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane kunye nobomi benkqubo. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini le-photovoltaic, ii-SPD ezisebenzayo nezikrelekrele ziya kuba zezona ziphambili kwimarike. Amashishini kufuneka aqinise uphando lobuchwephesha kunye nophuhliso kwaye abonelele ngeemveliso ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezihambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo zokhuseleko lombane kwimarike yehlabathi ye-photovoltaic.