Iiparameter eziphambili kunye nemigangatho yovavanyo lweeSurge Protective Devices (SPDs)

Isixhobo sokukhusela ukusasazeka (i-SPD): Isixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ii-overvoltages ezidlulayo kunye nokujika i-surge currents. Ii-SPD zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokusasazwa kwe-low-voltage kunye neenkqubo zolwazi ukukhusela ii-lightning overvoltages, ii-switching overvoltages, ii-lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP), kunye nee-electromagnetic interference (EMI). Ukukhusela icala le-high-voltage kwii-overvoltages ezinjalo, kusetyenziswa izithinteli ze-surge endaweni yoko.

I. Iiparameters eziphambili zeZixhobo zoKhuselo lweSurge (ii-SPD)

1. Ubuninzi beVoltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo (Uc): I-voltage ephezulu ye-root-mean-square (RMS) okanye i-DC enokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwimo yokukhusela ye-SPD. Le yi-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-SPD. Ixabiso le-Uc lichaphazela zombini ubomi be-SPD kunye nenqanaba layo lokukhusela i-voltage. Ukukhetha ixabiso eliphezulu le-Uc kunokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yemveliso kodwa kuya kwandisa i-voltage eseleyo, nto leyo enobungozi kwizixhobo ezikhuselweyo.

2. Ukukhutshwa Okuqhelekileyo Kwangoku (Ngaphakathi): Umsinga ophezulu we-8/20μs yamandla angoku anokumelana ne-SPD. Le parameter isetyenziselwa uvavanyo lweKlasi II kwaye ikwasebenza njengekhrayitheriya yokumisela uvavanyo lweKlasi I kunye nolwesi-II. Imigangatho ye-SPD ichaza uthotho lwamaxabiso e-In, kwaye abavelisi bakhetha inqanaba le-In elifanelekileyo lokuvavanya. Nje ukuba i-SPD iphumelele uvavanyo, ixabiso layo le-In lichazwa ngokusemthethweni njengenqanaba elikhethiweyo.

3. Umlinganiselo oPhezulu wokukhupha i-Discharge Current (Imax) kwiiMvavanyo zeKlasi yesiBini: Umlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla wamandla wangoku we-8/20μs onokuphathwa yi-SPD. Nangona inkcazo ifana ne-In, imigangatho ye-SPD ibonelela ngothotho olwahlukileyo lwe-In kunye ne-Imax, kunye ne-Imax > In yeklasi enye. Ukuphumelela uvavanyo kwinqanaba elithile le-In akuqinisekisi ukuba i-SPD iya kudlula kwinqanaba elifanayo le-Imax, njengoko iimeko zovavanyo (ubukhulu bangoku kunye nenani leempulses) zahlukile.

4. Umsinga weMpembelelo (iimp): Amandla e-SPD okumelana ne-10/350μs lightning current wave, ebonakaliswa ziiparameter ezimbini: i-peak current (Ipeak) kunye ne-charge (Q). Le parameter isetyenziselwa uvavanyo lweClass I.

5. Inqanaba loKhuseleko lweVolthi (Phezulu): Ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-residual voltage, oku kubhekisa kwi-voltage enqumla i-SPD xa i-waveform ethile ye-peak current idlula kuyo emva kokusebenza. Ukunyuka kufuneka kube ngaphantsi kune-standing voltage yezixhobo ezikhuselweyo. GB50343-2012 *Ikhowudi yoBugcisa yoKhuselo loMbane kwiiNkqubo zoLwazi lwe-Elektroniki zeZakhiwo* ichaza amanqanaba e-impulse standing voltage kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zokusasazwa kwe-low-voltage. I-impulse standing voltage (Uw) elinganisiweyo yesixhobo, enikezelwa ngumvelisi, ibonisa amandla ayo okukhusela ngokuchasene ne-overvoltages. Ke ngoko, ukhetho lwe-SPD kufuneka luqinisekise i-Up

II. Uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lwezixhobo zokukhusela ezikhulayo (ii-SPD)

Ezi candelo zingasentla zikhankanya iimvavanyo zeKlasi yoku-1 neyeKlasi yesi-2. Nazi iindlela zovavanyo:
1. Uvavanyo lweKlasi yoku-1: Iqhutywa kusetyenziswa i-nominal discharge current (In), i-voltage impulse ye-1.2/50μs, kunye ne-maximum impulse current Iimp (10/350μs lightning current wave). Ukuba itshaja edluliselwe ngaphakathi kwe-10 ms yi-Q, i-peak current Ipeak = 0.5Q.
2. Uvavanyo lweKlasi yesiBini: Iqhutywa kusetyenziswa umsinga wokukhupha oqhelekileyo (In), i-voltage impulse ye-1.2/50μs, kunye nomsinga wokukhupha ongaphezulu we-Imax (8/20μs current wave).
3. Uvavanyo lweKlasi yesiThathu: Iqhutywa kusetyenziswa i-wave edibeneyo, echazwa njenge-voltage ye-open-circuit ye-1.2/50μs (Uoc) kunye ne-8/20μs short-circuit current (Isc) eveliswa yi-2Ω combination wave generator.

Ezi ndidi zovavanyo azinazo izikhundla ngoko ke azinakuthelekiswa ngokuthe ngqo. Abavelisi banokukhetha naluphi na udidi lovavanyo ukuze baqinisekise. Nangona kunjalo, kuyilo lombane lwesakhiwo, ukukhethwa kwee-SPD ezivavanyiweyo phantsi kweKlasi yoku-1 okanye yeKlasi yesi-2 kufuneka kuhambelane nezi zinto zilandelayo:

I-IEC 61024: Iphathelele ukhuseleko lwabantu ekubetheni imibane kwizakhiwo, kuquka ukukhethwa kwamanqanaba okhuseleko lwenkqubo yokukhusela imibane (LPS).

I-IEC 61312: Ijongana nokhuseleko kwi-lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP), kuquka neemfuno zokukhusela isakhiwo, ukuqinisa umhlaba, kunye nokubopha izixhobo.

I-IEC 62305: Ibonelela ngezikhokelo zoyilo lweenkqubo zokukhusela umbane, idibanisa imigaqo-nkqubo ngokubanzi kunye neemfuno zokukhusela umbane.