Indlela Yokukhetha ngokuchanekileyo Isikhuseli Sokuqubha (ii-SPD).

Zingaphi iindidi ezinokwahlulwa zibe zizixhobo zokukhusela ii-surge?

Uhlobo 1 (Uhlobo lokutshintsha iVoltage)

• Umsebenzi:
  Ngokuyintloko isetyenziselwa ukukhupha imisinga emikhulu (10/350μs waveform) evela ekubetheni kombane ngokuthe ngqo okanye okubangelwayo.
  Ngokwesiqhelo isetyenziswa kwindawo yokungena enkulu yokusasazwa kombane kwizakhiwo (indawo yokutshintsha ukusuka kwi-LPZ0 ukuya kwi-LPZ1).
• Umgaqo Wokusebenza:

Impedance ephezulu kwimeko eqhelekileyo: 

Xa kungekho kunyuka, i-SPD ihlala ikwimeko yokuphazamiseka okuphezulu, ayichaphazeli isekethe.
Impedance ephantsi xa iqalisa:

Xa i-voltage yokushushu idlula umda (umz., i-4kV), ityhubhu yokukhupha igesi yangaphakathi (i-GDT) okanye i-spark gap iyaphuka, yenze indlela ye-low-impedance yokukhupha ngoko nangoko i-currents yamashumi e-kA.
Ukucima i-arc okulandelayo: Emva kokuba ukusasazeka kuphelile, i-GDT ibuyela kwimeko yokungakwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo olukhulu ngokuzihlaziya kwayo.

• Iinxalenye ezingundoqo:

Umbhobho wokukhupha igesi (GDT):Iqhuba ngokusebenzisa i-ionization yegesi engasebenziyo.
Isithuba seSpark:Ikhupha amanzi ngokuphazamiseka komoya, kwaye inomthamo oqinileyo wokulawula umsinga (ungadlula i-100kA).

Uhlobo 2 (Uhlobo loMda weVoltage)

• Umsebenzi:

Ikhusela kwizibane ezibangelwa yimbane kunye ne-switching overvoltages (i-8/20μs waveform).

Isetyenziswa kwiiphaneli zokusasaza.

• Umgaqo Wokusebenza:

Uphawu lwe-impedance olungelulo oluchanekileyo: 

Xa i-voltage yokunyuka inyuka, i-internal varistor (MOV) impedance iyehla kakhulu, ibambe i-voltage ukuya kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo (umz., Up ≤ 1.5kV).

Ukukhutshwa okuqhubekayo: 

I-MOV inokukhupha ngokuphindaphindiweyo imisinga ephakathi (20–40kA), kodwa imisinga ephezulu inokunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo.

• Icandelo eliPhambili:

I-Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV):Yenziwe ngamasuntswana e-zinc oxide (ZnO), isixhobo se-semiconductor esinobuthathaka kumbane.

Uhlobo 3 (Ukhuseleko oluDibeneyo okanye oluFine)

• Umsebenzi

Impendulo ekhawulezileyo:Isebenzisa ii-diode zeTVS okanye iindibaniselwano zeMOV+TVS ezinexesha lokuphendula eliyi ≤1ns.

I-voltage yokubamba ephantsi kakhulu (umz., Ukunyuka ≤ 0.8kV), kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezixhobo ezinobuthathaka.

Icandelo eliphambili:

I-diode yeTransient Voltage Suppression (TVS):Isebenzisa isiphumo se-avalanche ye-PN junction ukuze iphendule ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kodwa inomthamo omncinci wokuphatha umbane (

Ukukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokukhusela ukuvuza (i-SPD) kubalulekile. Ungayikhetha njani enye kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo?

1.Chaza iiMfuno zoKhuselo

1.1 Chonga imithombo yokwanda

Ukubetha kombane ngokuthe ngqo (umz., ukubetheka kwesakhiwo):  Ifuna uhlobo lwe-1 SPD (i-waveform ye-10/350μs).

Umbane obangelwayo okanye ii-overvoltages zokutshintsha (umz., ukuguquguquka kwegridi, ukuqalisa/ukuvala izixhobo): Ifuna uhlobo lwesibini okanye uhlobo lwesithathu lwe-SPD (i-8/20μs waveform).

1.2 Misela iiNdawo zoKhuselo (LPZ)

LPZ0 → Indawo ye-LPZ1 (umz., ukungenisa amandla okuphambili):

 Uhlobo 1 okanye Uhlobo 1+2 hybrid SPD.

LPZ1 → Indawo yeLPZ2 (umz., iphaneli yokusasazwa komgangatho):

Uhlobo lwesibini lwe-SPD.

Indawo ye-LPZ2 → LPZ3 (umz., isiphelo sesixhobo):

Uhlobo lwesithathu okanye i-SPD echanekileyo.

2.Ukukhethwa kweParamitha ePhambili

2.1Ubuninzi beVoltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo (Uc)

2.1.1 Kufuneka ibe phezulu kunevolthi elinganisiweyo yenkqubo (umz., kwinkqubo ye-385V, khetha i-Uc ≥ 385V).

2.2.2 Cwangcisa ukuguquguquka kwegridi (±10~20%).

2.2Inqanaba loKhuseleko lweVolthi (Phezulu)

2.2.1 I-Lower Up inika ukhuseleko olungcono kodwa kufuneka ihambelane ne-voltage yokumelana nezixhobo ezikhuselweyo.

2.2.2 Umthetho oqhelekileyo: Ukunyuka ≤ 80% yevolthi yokumelana nezixhobo (umz., ukuba izixhobo ziyakwazi ukusingatha i-2.5kV, khetha Ukunyuka ≤ 2.0kV).

2.3 Umthamo woLawulo lwangoku (In / Imax)

• Uhlobo 1: Kwi-≥ 12.5kA (i-waveform ye-10/350μs).
• Uhlobo 2:Iphaneli yokusasaza ephambili: Imax ≥ 40kA (8/20μs).

Iphaneli yokusasazwa okuncinci: Imax ≥ 20kA (8/20μs).

• Uhlobo 3: Kwi-≥ 5kA (i-wave yokudibanisa).

2.4 Ixesha Lokuphendula

Ii-SPD ezisemgangathweni: ≤25ns.

Kwizixhobo ezichanekileyo, khetha iindlela ezikhawulezayo (umz., ii-TVS diodes, ≤1ns).

3.Ukukhetha ngokweSicelo seMeko

3.1Iinkqubo zoNikezelo lwaMandla

3.1.1 Iphaneli yoSasazo oluPhambili: Uhlobo lwe-1+2 hybrid SPD (umz., Imax = 100kA, Phezulu ≤ 2.5kV).

3.1.2 Iphaneli yoSasazo oluNcinci: Uhlobo lwe-2 SPD (umz., Imax = 40kA, Phezulu ≤ 1.8kV).

3.1.3 Isiphelo sesixhobo: Uhlobo 3 okanye i-SPD efakwe kwisokhethi (umz., Iphezulu ≤ 1.2kV).

3.2 Iimpawu/Imigca yoNxibelelwano

3.2.1 Sebenzisa ii-SPD zesignali ezizinikeleyo, iintlobo zojongano oluhambelanayo (umz., RJ45, RS485).

Nika ingqalelo kwisantya sokudluliselwa kunye nokulahleka kokufakwa (ukuba usebenzisa inethiwekhi yeGigabit, khetha imodeli ehambelana nefrikhwensi ephezulu)

3.Iinkqubo ze-PV/DC ezi-3

Khetha ii-DC SPDs ezine-Uc ≥ 1.2 × system max voltage.