Iindlela Ezintlanu Zokukhusela Abakhuseli Bokungxama
Iindlela zoKhuselo lokuGqibela
1. Izixhobo zoKhuseleko zeParallel Surge (ii-SPD) eziDityaniswe kwiMigca yoMbane
Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ii-varistor ezingaphakathi kwi-surge protector zihlala zikwimeko ye-high-impedance. Xa igridi yamandla ibethwa ngumbane okanye ifumana ukunyuka okwethutyana ngenxa yokusebenza kokutshintsha, i-protector iphendula ngaphakathi kwe-nanoseconds, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ii-varistor zitshintshele kwimeko ye-low-impedance, zibambe ngokukhawuleza i-overvoltage ukuya kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo. Ukuba kuvela ukunyuka okude okanye i-overvoltages, i-varistor iyawohloka kwaye ifudumale, nto leyo ebangela indlela yokucima ubushushu ukuthintela imililo kunye nokukhusela izixhobo.
2. Ii-Series Filter-Type Surge Protectors ezidityaniswe kwi-line with Power Circuits
Ezi zikhuseli zibonelela ngamandla acocekileyo nakhuselekileyo kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki ezinobuthathaka. Ukukhanya kombane akuthwali nje kuphela amandla amakhulu kodwa kukwathwala ne-voltage eqatha kakhulu kunye namazinga okunyuka kwamandla angoku. Nangona ii-SPD ezihambelanayo zinokucinezela i-surge amplitudes, azinakuyithambisa i-wavefront yazo ebukhali. Ii-SPD zohlobo lwe-filter-type, ezidityaniswe kumgca kunye neesekethe zamandla, zisebenzisa ii-MOV (MOV1, MOV2) ukuvala i-overvoltages kwi-nanoseconds. Ukongeza, isihluzi se-LC sinciphisa ukunyuka kwe-voltage ye-surge kunye namazinga okunyuka kwamandla angoku phantse amaxesha ali-1,000 kwaye sinciphisa i-residual voltage ngokuphindwe kahlanu, sikhusela izixhobo ezinobuthathaka.
3. Ukufaka ii-Voltage-Clamping Varistors phakathi kweZigaba kunye neMigca ukuze kuncitshiswe ii-Surge Overvoltages
Le ndlela isebenza kakuhle kwizibane, iilifti, ii-air conditioner, kunye nee-motors, ezinokukwazi ukumelana nokunyuka okuphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ayisebenzi kakuhle kwi-electronics zanamhlanje ezinomxube ophezulu. Umzekelo, kwiinkqubo ze-AC ze-220V AC zesigaba esinye, ii-varistors zihlala zifakelwa phakathi kwe-neutral kunye nomhlaba ukuze zifunxe ii-lightning spikes ezibangelwayo. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhusela kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekukhetheni kunye nokuthembeka kwe-varistors.
I-voltage yokubambelela isetiwe ngokusekelwe kwi-voltage ephezulu yegridi (310V), ebalelwa kwezi:
- Ukuguquguquka kwegridi ngama-20%,
- Ukunyamezelana kwezakhi ze-10%,
- Izinto ezithembekileyo eziyi-15% (ukwaluphala, ukufuma, ubushushu).
Ngoko ke, amanqanaba aqhelekileyo okubamba aqala kwi-470V ukuya kwi-510V. Ukunyuka okungaphantsi kwe-470V kudlula ngaphandle kokuchaphazeleka.
Nangona izixhobo zombane eziqhelekileyo (umz. iimoto, izibane) zinokumelana ne-1,500V AC (2,500V peak), izixhobo zombane zanamhlanje zisebenza kwi-±5V ukuya kwi-±15V, kunye nokunyamezela okuphezulu okungaphantsi kwe-50V. Ii-spikes eziphezulu ezingaphantsi kwe-470V zisenokudibana ne-parasite capacitances kwii-transformers kunye nezixhobo zombane, zonakalisa ii-IC. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa ye-varistor residual voltage kunye ne-lead inductance, ukunyuka okunamandla kunokutyhala amanqanaba okubamba ukuya kwi-800V–1,000V, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni ngakumbi izixhobo zombane.
4. Ukuphucula uKhuseleko ngee-Ultra-Isolation Transformers (Indlela yokuZihlukanisa)
I-transformer yokwahlulahlula ekhuselweyo ifakwa phakathi komthombo wamandla kunye nomthwalo ukuze kuthintelwe ingxolo ephezulu ngelixa kuvumela ukuhlaliswa kwesibini okufanelekileyo. Ukuphazamiseka kwendlela eqhelekileyo, okunxulumene nomhlaba, kudibana ngokusebenzisa amandla okujikeleza phakathi. Ikhaka elisekelwe phantsi phakathi kwe-windings yokuqala neyesibini lijika olu phazamiseko, linciphisa ingxolo ephumayo.
5. Indlela yokufunxa
Izinto ezifunxayo zithintela ukunyuka kwamandla ngokutshintsha ukusuka kwi-impedance ephezulu ukuya kwephantsi xa i-voltages yomyinge idlulile. Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- IiVaristors – Umthamo omncinci wokuphatha umbane.
- Iityhubhu zokukhupha igesi (iiGDT)– Impendulo ecothayo.
- IiTVS Diodes / Iityhubhu zokukhupha eziQinisekileyo – Iyakhawuleza kodwa ineenguqu ekufunxeni amandla.
