Umsebenzi oBambiseneyo wabaKhuseli bokuKhukula, abaPhuli beeSekethe kunye neeFusi kwiinkqubo zePhotovoltaic: Uhlalutyo oluSebenzayo kunye neNgxoxo yeMfuneko
Intshayelelo
Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini le-photovoltaic lehlabathi, ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kweenkqubo zokuvelisa umbane welanga kuye kwaba yinto ephambili kwishishini. Iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic zibonakala ngaphandle ixesha elide kwaye zisengozini yezisongelo ezifana nokubetha kombane, ukuguquguquka kwegridi yamandla, kunye nokusilela kwezixhobo, okunokubangela umonakalo kwizixhobo okanye kwanomlilo. Izikhuseli zokushushuba (ii-SPD), izaphuli zesekethe, kunye neefusi zizixhobo zokukhusela eziphambili ezithi nganye zenze imisebenzi yayo kwaye zisebenzisane ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwenkqubo. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya ngokunzulu imisebenzi yazo, iindlela zokulungelelanisa, kunye nemfuneko yokubonelela ngereferensi kubasebenzisi beli shishini.
I. "Umbulali Ongabonakaliyo" Ojongene Neenkqubo ze-Photovoltaic
Izikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic zifana "namajoni entsimbi" asebenza emoyeni ovulekileyo, ehlala enyamezela iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ezinzima.
1.1 Iingxaki zokubethwa ngumbane:
Ngokukodwa, kuMbindi Mpuma nakuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, ixesha elinye leemvula ezinkulu linokubangela ukuba iinkqubo ezingenazo ukhuseleko zingasebenzi kakuhle.
1.2 Ukuguquguquka kwegridi yamandla:
Kwiprojekthi yaseChile endandiyiphethe, izixhobo ezininzi zatsha ngenxa yokunyuka ngequbuliso kombane wegridi.
1.3 Umngcipheko we-short-circuit:
Kunyaka ophelileyo, iprojekthi eJamani ifumene i-short circuit ngenxa yeentambo ezigugileyo, nto leyo ephantse yabangela umlilo.
Ezi ngozi azibaxi. Ngokutsho kwe-International Photovoltaic Safety Alliance, ngaphezulu kwama-60% okusilela kwenkqubo ye-photovoltaic kubangelwa kukungakhuseleki kakuhle kombane.
II. Imisebenzi Ephambili Yezixhobo Zokukhusela Ukunyuka (i-SPD)
2.1 Umgaqo Wokusebenza
I-SPD ijika i-transient overvoltage iye emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa i-metal oxide varistors (MOV) okanye ii-gas discharge tubes (GDT), nto leyo ethintela i-voltage ngaphakathi koluhlu olukhuselekileyo. Kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic, ii-SPD zihlala zifakwa kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:
Icala le-DC (phakathi kweemodyuli kunye ne-inverter): Ukukhusela kwi-surges ezibangelwa ngumbane.
Icala le-AC (phakathi kwe-inverter kunye negridi): Ukunciphisa i-overvoltage kwicala legridi.
2.2 Iiparameter eziphambili
I-voltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo ephezulu (Uc): Kufuneka ihambelane nenqanaba le-voltage yenkqubo ye-photovoltaic (njenge-1000V DC okanye i-1500V DC).
Umsinga wokukhupha umbane (In/Iimp): Ubonakalisa amandla okukhupha umsinga wombane, kwaye iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic zihlala zifuna i-20kA okanye ngaphezulu.
Inqanaba lokukhusela iVolthi (Phezulu): Limisela ubungakanani beVolthi eseleyo kwaye kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kuneVolthi yokumelana yezixhobo ezikhuselweyo.
2.3 Imfuneko
Thintela izixhobo ezibizayo ezifana nee-inverters kunye neebhokisi zokudibanisa ukuba zonakaliswe kukuqhekeka.
Thobela imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe (efana ne-IEC 6164331, UL 1449) kunye neemfuno zokwamkelwa kwezikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic.
Ⅲ. Umsebenzi kunye nokukhethwa kwee-circuit breakers kunye nee-fuses
3.1 Isixhobo sokwaphula isekethe
Umsebenzi:
•Ukhuseleko Lomthwalo Ogqithisileyo: Xa umbane udlula ixabiso elimiselweyo (elifana ne-1.3 ngokuphindwe kabini kunombane olinganisiweyo), indlela yokutshintsha ubushushu iyasebenza.
•Ukhuseleko lweSekethe eNcinci: Indlela yokuhambisa i-electromagnetic inqumla umsinga wesekethe eNcinci (njenge-10kA) ngaphakathi kwee-millisecond.
•Iimpawu zesicelo se-Photovoltaic:
Kufuneka kukhethwe i-DC circuit breaker (efana ne-DC 1000V/1500V).
Umthamo wokuqhekeza kufuneka uhambelane nomsinga we-short-circuit yenkqubo (ngesiqhelo ≥ 15kA).
3.2 Ifusi
Umsebenzi:
Ngokunyibilikisa i-fuse element, ingakwazi ukwahlula ngokukhawuleza isekethe enengxaki kwaye ikhusele isebe eliqhagamshelwe kuthotho.
Iingenelo:
Isantya sokuqhawula sikhawuleza (kwinqanaba le-microsecond), sifanelekile kwiimeko zamandla ombane ezimfutshane kakhulu.
Incinci ngobukhulu kwaye ifanelekile kwiibhokisi ezithwala umbane ezinesithuba esincinci.
3.3 Intsebenziswano ne-SPD
I-SPD inoxanduva lokukhusela i-voltage, ngelixa izithinteli zesekethe/izikhuseli zefuse zinoxanduva lokukhusela i-current.
Xa i-SPD ingaphumeleli ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kombane, abaphuli beesekethe okanye abakhuseli beefuse banokuyinqumla ngokukhawuleza isekethe enengxaki ukuthintela umlilo.
Ⅳ. Uphononongo lwenkqubo yokukhusela enamanqanaba amaninzi
Umzekelo, thabatha isikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic esingu-1MW:
4.1 Ukhuseleko kwicala le-DC
Amasebe ochungechunge lwezakhi: Faka iifusi (ezifana nohlobo lwe-10A gPV) kuthotho ngalunye.
Ukungena kwebhokisi yokudibanisa: Faka i-Type II SPD (Up ≤ 1.5kV) kunye ne-DC circuit breaker (63A).
4.2 Ukhuseleko kwicala le-AC
Isiphelo sesiphumo se-inverter: Lungiselela Uhlobo lwe-1+2 SPD (Iimp ≥ 12.5kA) kunye ne-molded case circuit breaker (250A).
4.3 Ukulinganisa imeko yempazamo
Xa kuqhambuka umbane: I-SPD ikhupha umsinga wombane kwaye ibambe i-voltage engaphantsi kwe-2kV; ukuba i-SPD ayisebenzi ngenxa ye-short circuit, i-circuit breaker iyawa.
Xa kukho i-line short circuit: I-fuse iyanyibilika ngaphakathi kwe-5ms ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-thermal spot effect.
Ⅴ. Amanyathelo okhuseleko xa ukhetha kwaye ufake
5.1 Ukhetho lwe-SPD
Kwicala le-DC, kufuneka kukhethwe i-SPD ethile ye-photovoltaic (efana ne-PVSPD) ukuze kuthintelwe ingxaki yangoku engasemva ye-AC SPD eqhelekileyo.
Umlinganiselo wobushushu kufuneka uqwalaselwe (i-Uc kufuneka ishiye umda kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu).
5.2 I-Circuit Breaker/Ukudibanisa iFuse
Umthamo wokuqhekeza kufuneka ube phezulu kunomlinganiselo ophezulu we-short-circuit current yenkqubo (njengoko umbane we-fault current wentambo ungafikelela kwi-1.5kA).
Umlinganiselo wamandla wefuse kufuneka ube ngaphezulu kwe-1.56 ye-component short-circuit current (Isc) (ngokuvumelana ne-NEC 690.8).
5.3 Iingcebiso zoHlanganiso lweNkqubo
Ubude bentambo phakathi kwe-SPD kunye ne-circuit breaker kufuneka bube yi-≤ 0.5m ukunciphisa i-residual voltage.
Kufuneka kuhlolwe rhoqo izalathisi zesimo se-SPD, kwaye iimodyuli ezingasebenziyo kufuneka zitshintshwe ngexesha.
Ⅵ. Iindlela zoshishino kunye nohlaziyo oluqhelekileyo
•Imfuno ye-voltage ephezulu: Ngenxa yokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kweenkqubo ze-photovoltaic ze-1500V, amanqanaba e-voltage yokumelana nee-SPD kunye nee-circuit breakers kufuneka aphuculwe ngokuhambelanayo.
•Ukubeka esweni okukrelekrele: Ii-SPD ezikrelekrele ezidibanisa izinzwa zobushushu kunye nemisebenzi yonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo ziyasetyenziswa kancinci kancinci ukuze kufezekiswe isilumkiso sangaphambi kwexesha sokusebenza kwempazamo ekude.
•Ukuqinisa okuqhelekileyo: Inguqulelo entsha ye-IEC 625482023 ibeke iimfuno ezingqongqo zokulungelelanisa izixhobo zokukhusela iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic.
Isiphelo
Kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic, izikhuseli ze-surge, ii-circuit breakers kunye nee-fuses zenza inkqubo epheleleyo yokukhusela ngokubambisana "yamandla ombane". Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo kunye noqwalaselo lwala macandelo akupheleli nje ekwandiseni ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa, kodwa zikwayimiqathango ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezikhululo zamandla. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, ukuhlanganiswa kunye nobukrelekrele bezi zixhobo zokukhusela kuya kuphucula ngakumbi ukuthembeka kweenkqubo ze-photovoltaic kwixesha elizayo.