Ukususela ekufakweni ukuya ekulungisweni, ezi nkcukacha akufuneki zityeshelwe

Kwiinkqubo zamandla zanamhlanje, izikhuseli ze-surge (SPD) zifana "nepolisi yomshuwalense" kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki. Kodwa ubusazi? Esi sixhobo sibonakala silula, ukuba sifakwe okanye sisetyenziswa ngendlela engafanelekanga, asipheleli nje ekunikezeni ukhuseleko kodwa sinokuba yingozi kukhuseleko. Namhlanje, masithethe ngezinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga zokusebenzisa ii-SPD.

1.I-SPD: I “ivesti engangeni mbumbulu"yenkqubo yamandla

Khawuthelekelele ukuba xa umbane ubetha imigca yombane ekufutshane okanye izixhobo ezinkulu ziqala ngequbuliso, kuya kubakho ii-pulse ze-high-voltage ezikhawulezayo kwigridi yombane. "Ukunyuka kwamandla" okunjalo kunokubangela ukuba izixhobo ziqalise kwakhona ngcono kwaye zitshise ngqo iibhodi zesekethe ezimbi kakhulu. Umsebenzi we-SPD kukudlulisela la mandla ayingozi emhlabeni ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana embalwa.

Okwangoku, ii-SPD ezikwimarike zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezintathu:

Ukhuseleko olurhabaxa (Uhlobo 1):Ifakwe kwindawo yokungena ngamandla kwisakhiwo, eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukujongana nombane othe ngqo.

Ukhuseleko lokulingana (Uhlobo 2):Isasazwa kwiibhokisi ezahlukeneyo zokusasaza, ijongene nokunyuka okushiyekileyo emva kokukhuselwa kokuqala.

Ukhuseleko olucolekileyo (Uhlobo 3):Ukukhusela ngokuthe ngqo izixhobo ezixabisekileyo zomntu ngamnye, ezifana neesokethi zamandla zeeseva.

2.I “ukuma ngendlela echanekileyo"yokufaka i-SPD

2.1 “Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokufakwa"

- Okokuqala, jonga "ikhadi lesazisi" le-SPD: i-voltage elinganisiweyo kunye ne-voltage ephezulu yokusebenza eqhubekayo kufuneka ihambelane negridi yakho yamandla.

- Ukukhetha indawo kubalulekile: inqanaba lokuqala lokhuseleko kufuneka libe kufutshane neswitshi ephambili, inqanaba lesibini kwibhokisi yokusasaza, kwaye inqanaba lesithathu kungcono ukuba kungabi ngaphezu kwe-1.5 yeemitha ukusuka kwizixhobo ezikhuselweyo.

- Ucingo oluphantsi komhlaba kufuneka lube "mfutshane, lube lukhuni kwaye luthe tye": ubude kufuneka bulawulwe ngaphakathi kweemitha eziyi-0.5. Ukujijeka okufana nomgca wefowuni kwiluphu akwamkelekanga.

2.2 Isikhokelo soFakelo lweNyathelo ngeNyathelo

Ukhuseleko Kuqala:Cima umbane kuqala! Musa ukuthandabuza ukwenza njalo. Ukusebenza umbane uvuliwe asinto yokuthatha lula.

Ulandelelwano lweeNtambo:Qhagamshela ucingo olusezantsi (PE) kuqala, uze uqhagamshele ucingo olungathathi cala (N), uze ekugqibeleni uqhagamshele ucingo oluphilayo (L).

Uqhagamshelo oluhambelanayo luyiNtloko:Khumbula ukuba i-SPD "iqhagamshelwe ngaxeshanye" kwisekethe. Ungaze uyiqhagamshele ngolandelelwano.

Isiqinisekiso Sokugqibela:Emva kokuvula, jonga izibane zesikhombisi. Uluhlaza lubonisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo, ngelixa ubomvu bubonisa ukuba kufuneka itshintshwe.

Nceda qaphela:Ukuba umgama phakathi kweeyunithi ze-SPD eziphambili nezesibini ungaphantsi kweemitha ezili-10, nceda ufake ii-decoupling inductors. Eli xabiso alinakukhutshwa.

3.“Iindawo zemigodi"ekuSetyenzisweni nasekuNciphiseni

3.1 I “izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo"yokugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla

- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kuyimfuneko: Ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga, jonga isibane se-SPD esibonisa imeko kwaye uhlole nokuba ii-terminals zonxibelelwano zikhululekile na.

- Kufuneka uvavanyo lobungcali: Qesha ingcali ukuba isebenzise izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kuvavanyo. Ii-multimeter zasekhaya azinakubonelela ngeziphumo ezichanekileyo.

- Ukutshintshwa kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza: Nokuba i-SPD ibonakala ilungile emva kokubetha kombane, kufuneka itshintshwe kuba isenokuba yonakele ngaphakathi.

3.2 Ukuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo

"Kwiindawo ezinzima" ezifana nezityalo zeekhemikhali okanye kufutshane nolwandle, i-SPD eqhelekileyo isenokungahlali unyaka wonke. Kwimeko ezinjalo, umntu kufuneka akhethe "inguqulelo ephuculweyo" ene-casing yokulwa nokugqwala. Nangona ibiza kakhulu, isenoqoqosho oluphezulu kunezinye ezitshintshwa rhoqo.

3.3 Iingcamango Eziqhelekileyo Ezingalunganga

Ingcamango Engachanekanga: “Ingasetyenziswa ubomi bonke emva kokufakwa”

Inyani: Ii-resistor ezibuthathaka kuxinzelelo kwi-SPD ziya kuguga kancinci kancinci kwaye kufuneka zitshintshwe emva kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5.

Ingcamango Engachanekanga: “Okukhona kubiza kakhulu, kokukhona kulunge ngakumbi”

Inyani: Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqinisekisa ukuba iiparameter ziyahambelana. Ukufaka i-SPD enomlinganiselo we-380V kwisekethe yasekhaya ye-220V kuyingozi ngakumbi.

4.Amaqhinga okukhusela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo

4.1 Abasebenzisi basekhaya

Faka nje i-Type 2 SPD kwibhokisi yokusasaza. Khumbula ukubonelela ngesixhobo samandla esikhuselweyo yi-surge kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo.

4.2 Iiworkshops zasefektri

Kwizixhobo "ezixabisekileyo" ezifana nee-frequency converters kunye nee-PLC, kucetyiswa ukuba kubekho ukhuseleko oluphindwe kabini lwe-Type 2 kunye ne-Type 3.

4.3 Amaziko edatha

Isisombululo "sokhuseleko olunemigangatho emithathu" siyafuneka. Kungangcono ukuba imeko ye-SPD ibekwe esweni kude.

5.Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba kukho'ingxaki?

Ukuba usabethwa ngumbane nasemva kokufaka isixhobo se-SPD, musa ukumgxeka ngoko nangoko umenzi. Landela la manyathelo ukuze ulungise iingxaki:

• Jonga ukuba ifestile yesalathisi se-SPD ijike yaba bomvu na.

• Linganisa ukuba ukumelana komhlaba kungaphaya komgangatho.

• Hlola ukuba imigca ephakathi kwezixhobo ezikhuselweyo kunye ne-SPD inde kakhulu na.

Isiphelo

Ukhuseleko lwamandla asinto incinci. Inkqubo ye-SPD elungileyo ifana nokuthenga "i-inshurensi yezempilo" yezixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba i-inshurensi ilungile kangakanani na, idinga "uvavanyo lomzimba" rhoqo ukuze isebenze. Ukuba usenemibuzo malunga nokukhetha okanye ukufakela i-SPD, kucetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane nonjineli oqeqeshiweyo ngokuthe ngqo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukhuseleko lwamandla alunakuba lubuthathaka.