Kutheni Ukhuseleko Lokunyuka Lubalulekile Kwiinkqubo Zelanga ZePV?

Xa iinjineli zixoxa indlela yokuyila inkqubo ye-PV yelanga uyilo lwezakhiwo, ingqwalasela idla ngokubekwa kubungakanani benkqubo ye-PV yelanga, ukhetho lwe-inverter, kunye noqwalaselo lwebhetri. Nangona kunjalo, enye into ebalulekileyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kukukhusela ukuvuza.

Iitransients ezibangelwa ngumbane kunye ne-switching overvoltages zezinye zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-inverter, umonakalo we-MPPT, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yolawulo. Ngaphandle kokukhuselwa kokushushu kwenkqubo ye-PV eyenziwe kakuhle, kwanenkqubo yelanga ye-PV eyilwe kakuhle inokuphazamiseka ngokungalindelekanga kunye nokulungiswa okubiza kakhulu.

Kwixesha lanamhlanje uyilo lwenkqubo ye-PV yelanga, ukhuseleko lokushushuluza alunanto yokuzikhethela—luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko lombane kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide.

Ii-Solar PV SPDs Zikhusela Njani Kwi-Transient Overvoltage?

Ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo i-PV yelanga i-SPD (isixhobo sokukhusela ukugqabhuka kwelanga) sithintela ukugqabhuka kwe-overvoltage okwethutyana ngokujika amandla okugqabhuka aye emhlabeni ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwizinto ezibuthathaka.

Imithombo ye-Overvoltage kwiiNkqubo ze-Solar PV

1. Ukubetha kombane ngokuthe ngqo okanye kufutshane

2. Ukunyuka okukhulu okubangelwa kukusebenza kweentambo zeDC ezinde

3. Ukutshintsha ukunyuka okuvela kwiingxaki zegridi

4. Ukutshintsha kwangaphakathi kwee-inverters kunye nemithwalo emikhulu

Zombini inkqubo ye-PV yelanga eboshwe ngegridi kwaye inkqubo ye-PV yelanga engaphandle kwegridi Ulwakhiwo lweenkqubo ze-PV zelanga ezidityanisiweyo lujongene nokuvezwa okuntsonkothileyo ngakumbi ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwebhetri kunye negridi.

Indlela yoKhuselo kwi-DC kunye ne-AC Circuits

Iinkqubo zelanga ze-PV ziqulathe zombini iicandelo ze-DC kunye neze-AC:

• Icala le-DC: Phakathi kweephaneli zelanga kunye ne-inverter

• Icala le-AC: Phakathi kwe-inverter kunye nebhodi yokusasazwa

Kwicala le-DC, iintambo ze-high-voltage—ingakumbi kwii-array ezinkulu zorhwebo—zifuna ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo olufana novavanyo olufanelekileyo. isixhobo sokukhusela ukugqabhuka kwelanga yenzelwe iisekethe zokufaka ze-PV. Kwii-applications ze-high-voltage, ii-DC SPD kufuneka zihambelane ne-system voltage kunye ne-insulation class.

Ibanga lobungcali Ukhuseleko lokunyuka kwe-DC Izisombululo zenzelwe ngokukodwa iindawo ze-photovoltaic ezine-voltages eziphezulu zesekethe evulekileyo kunye namanqanaba ombane atshintshatshintshayo.

Kwicala le-AC, kufakwe ukhuseleko lokushushuluza kwi-inverter output nakwi-main distribution panel ukukhusela ukuphazamiseka okunxulumene negridi.

Zifanele Zifakwe Phi Izixhobo Zokukhusela Ukunyuka Kwelanga?

Indawo echanekileyo yokufakela ibalulekile uyilo lwenkqubo ye-PV yelanga ucwangciso.

1. Kwi-PV Array (DC Side Protection)

Kwiinkqubo ezineentambo ezinde okanye ii-arrays ezivezwe eluphahleni:

• Faka i-SPD kufutshane nebhokisi yokudibanisa

• Okanye udibanise i-SPD ngaphakathi kwecandelo lokufaka i-inverter DC

Oku kukhusela ii-terminals ze-DC ze-inverter kwi-induced surges.

2. Kwi-Inverter AC Output

Kwi inkqubo ye-PV yelanga eboshwe ngegridi, ii-SPD zihlala zifakelwa:

• Kwii-terminals ze-AC eziphumayo ze-inverter

• Kwibhodi ephambili yokusasazwa kwe-AC

Oku kuqinisekisa umda wokunyuka kwendlela epheleleyo.

3. KwiiNkqubo zokugcina iibhetri (iHybrid / iOff-Grid)

Ngaphakathi inkqubo ye-PV yelanga exutyiweyo kwaye inkqubo ye-PV yelanga engaphandle kwegridi uyilo:

• Faka ii-SPD kwibhetri yebhasi yeDC

• Khusela igalelo/imveliso yomlawuli wetshaja ye-MPPT

• Qinisekisa ukuba uqhagamshelo olufanelekileyo kwinkqubo yokumisa umhlaba

Iinkqubo zebhetri zonyusa uvakalelo lwenkqubo kuba izixhobo ze-elektroniki zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo phantsi komthwalo.

Ungawudibanisa njani uKhuselo lokuGqibela kwiNkqubo yeSolar PV yoYilo?

Ukuba uvavanya indlela yokuyila inkqubo ye-PV yelanga ngokufanelekileyo, ukhuseleko lokuhamba kwamanzi kufuneka lucwangciswe ngexesha loyilo lwasekuqaleni—lungafakwa kamva.

Inyathelo 1: Cinga ngoKhuseleko lokuKhuthazwa koMbane Ngexesha lokulinganisa ubungakanani beNkqubo yePV yelanga

Ngexesha ubungakanani benkqubo ye-PV yelanga, iinjineli zibala:

• Ubalo lobungakanani bephaneli yelanga

• Ubungakanani be-inverter yelanga

• Ubungakanani bebhanki yebhetri yelanga

Kwangaxeshanye, amanqanaba ombane wenkqubo kufuneka achazwe. Ukukhethwa kwe-SPD kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi:

• Awona mandla ombane aphezulu ombane ovulelekileyo (Voc)

• I-AC voltage eqhelekileyo

• Uhlobo lwenkqubo yokumba umhlaba

Ukungayinaki le nto kwinqanaba lokulinganisa ubukhulu kudla ngokuphumela ekungalinganini kweereyithingi ze-SPD.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Hlanganisa ii-SPD kwi-Solar PV Balance of System (BOS)

Izixhobo zokukhusela ukuvuza ziyinxalenye ibhalansi yelanga ye-PV yenkqubo ye-BOS, equka:

• Iibhokisi zokudibanisa

• Uqhagamshelo lwe-DC

• Iziphuli ze-AC

• Umlawuli wetshaja ye-MPPT

• Iinkqubo zokubeka iliso

Ii-SPD kufuneka zilungelelaniswe neziphuli-ziphuli kwaye zikhuphe izixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhethiweyo.

Izisombululo zokukhusela ukugqobhoza kwe-PV ezithembekileyo kufuneka zihambelane neemfuno zokukhusela i-photovoltaic kunye neemeko zokuvezwa kokusingqongileyo.

Ungahlola ubuchwepheshe obukhethekileyo bokukhusela i-photovoltaic kwinqanaba lomenzi ngokusebenzisa I-Leikexing ukuqonda ngcono amaqhinga okudibanisa.

Ukuze ufumane isikhokelo sokusetyenziswa kwecala le-DC, iireferensi zobugcisa ziyafumaneka kwi-dedicated Ukhuseleko lokunyuka kwe-DC izixhobo.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Ukulungisa iGrounding kunye noLungiso lweCable Layout

Ukhuseleko olusebenzayo lokuqubha lufuna:

• Umhlaba ophantsi we-impedance

• Iikhokelo ezimfutshane zoqhagamshelo lwe-SPD

• Ukubopha okufanelekileyo phakathi kwesakhelo se-PV kunye nenkqubo yokumisa umhlaba

• Ukuphepha iintambo ezijikelezayo kwindlela yokubeka inkqubo yelanga yePV

Uyilo olungalunganga loyilo lunokunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-SPD, nokuba ukalisho lwesixhobo luchanekile.

Isiphelo

Ukuqonda indlela yokuyila inkqubo ye-PV yelanga Iziseko zophuhliso zidlula ukhetho lweemodyuli kunye nomthamo we-inverter. Inkqubo ezinzileyo kufuneka ibandakanye ukhuseleko olucwangcisiweyo lwenkqubo ye-PV kwiisekethe ze-DC kunye ne-AC.

Ngokudibanisa izixhobo zokukhusela ukugqobhoza kwelanga kwiindawo zenkqubo ye-PV yelanga kwasekuqaleni—ngexesha lokulinganisa ubungakanani benkqubo ye-PV yelanga kunye nokucwangcisa uyilo—iinjineli zinokuphucula kakhulu uzinzo lwenkqubo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwexesha elide.

Ukuze ufumane ingcebiso yobuchwepheshe malunga nokudibanisa ukhuseleko lokuhamba kwamanzi kwiindlela ezintsonkothileyo zoyilo lwe-photovoltaic, inkxaso yobunjineli ngqo ingacelwa ngokusebenzisa igosa elisemthethweni. iphepha loqhagamshelwano.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)

Kutheni ukhuseleko lokugqobhoza lubalulekile kuyilo lwenkqubo yelanga yePV?

Ukhuseleko lokushushuluza luthintela umbane ogqithisileyo odlulayo kwii-inverters ezonakalisayo, abalawuli betshaja be-MPPT, iinkqubo zebhetri, kunye nokubeka esweni izinto ze-elektroniki, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lokusebenza ixesha elide.

Ngaba zonke iinkqubo ze-PV zelanga zifuna i-PV SPD yelanga?

Ewe. Zombini iindlela zokucwangcisa inkqubo ye-PV yelanga edityaniswe nengaphandle kwegridi kufuneka zibandakanye ii-SPD ezilinganiswe ngokufanelekileyo kumacala e-DC kunye ne-AC ukukhusela kwizibane kunye nokutshona kombane.

Ndingayikhetha njani isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokukhusela ukugquma kwelanga?

Ukukhethwa kuxhomekeke kwi-voltage yenkqubo, uhlobo lwe-inverter, ubume bomhlaba, kunye ne-voltage ephezulu ye-open-circuit emiselwa ngexesha lokulinganisa ubungakanani benkqubo ye-solar PV.

Kufuneka zifakwe phi ii-SPD kwinkqubo ye-hybrid solar PV?

Kwiinkqubo ze-hybrid, ii-SPD kufuneka zifakwe kwicala le-PV array DC, i-inverter AC output, kunye ne-battery storage DC bus ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo.

Ngaba ukhuseleko lokushushuluza luyinxalenye ye-solar PV balance of system (BOS)?

Ewe. Izixhobo zokukhusela ukuvuza zihlulwe njengenxalenye yebhalansi yelanga ye-PV yenkqubo ye-BOS, kunye nezixhobo zokuqhawula, iintambo, kunye nezixhobo zokudibanisa.