Isikhokelo esipheleleyo se-SPD kwiiNkqubo ze-PV kunye noKhuseleko lokunyuka kwelanga

Ndihlala ndiziva ndixinezelekile xa ndibona iiprojekthi zelanga zonakaliswa kukunyuka ngamandla ngequbuliso, ngoko ke ndixhomekeke kwi Isixhobo sokukhusela ukugquma ukugcina yonke inkqubo izinzile.

A Isixhobo sokukhusela ukugquma Ikhusela iinkqubo ze-PV ngokujika ii-voltage spikes eziyingozi zisuke kwiiphaneli, kwii-inverters, nakwiisekethe zombane. Inciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi, ithintela ukungasebenzi kwezixhobo, kwaye iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwexesha elide kumacala omabini e-AC kunye ne-DC ofakelo lwelanga.

Kule khokelo, ndiza kukubonisa yonke into malunga nokukhuselwa kokunyuka kwelanga ukuze ukwazi ukwenza izigqibo zobugcisa eziqinisekileyo kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi ye-PV.

Yintoni i-SPD kwaye kutheni iiNkqubo zePV zelanga ziyidinga

Bendisoloko ndibona iinkqubo ze-PV zisilela ngenxa yombane ogqithisileyo ongalindelekanga, ngoko ke ngoku andikaze ndiyile iprojekthi ngaphandle kwelungelo Isixhobo sokukhusela ukugquma endaweni.

I-SPD yelanga ikhusela iinkqubo ze-PV ngokufunxa okanye ukujika umbane, ukutshintsha ii-transients, kunye nokuphazamiseka kombane ngaphambi kokuba zifikelele kwiindawo ezinobuthathaka. Inceda ekuthinteleni umonakalo we-inverter, inciphisa iindleko zokugcina, kwaye iqinisekise ukuba inkqubo isebenza ixesha elide.

Ukufakelwa kwe-PV yelanga kusebenza ngaphandle, ngoko ke bajongene nemingcipheko yombane rhoqo evela kumbane, iimpazamo zegridi, kunye neziganeko zokutshintsha. Ngenxa yokuba iiphaneli kunye nee-inverters zisekwe kwi-semiconductor, zinovelwano kakhulu nakwi-overvoltage encinci. Kumsebenzi wam neefektri ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkampani ze-EPC, ndibone ukuba ukungaphumeleli kwangoko phantse kuhlala kuvela ekuvezweni kwe-surge endaweni yokuwohloka okuqhelekileyo. Yiyo loo nto ndiphatha ukhuseleko lwe-surge njengemfuneko yoyilo oluphambili, kungekhona into yokongeza.

Inkcazo ye-SPD kwiiNkqubo zoMbane nezeLanga

I-SPD sisixhobo esibuyisela i-transient overvoltage kwinkqubo yokumisa umhlaba. Kwiinkqubo ze-PV, ikhusela iintambo ze-DC, ii-inverters, iibhokisi zokudibanisa, usasazo lwe-AC, kunye neentambo zonxibelelwano.

Izizathu Eziqhelekileyo Zokunyuka Kwee-PV Facilities

Iinkqubo ze-PV zijongene nokunyuka okuvela:
• umbane (ngqo okanye obangelwe)
• imisebenzi yokutshintsha
• ukuphazamiseka kwegridi yezixhobo zokusebenza
• ukusebenza kweentambo ezinde okwandisa i-voltages ezidlulayo

Kutheni uKhuseleko lokuKhuphuka lubalulekile kwiiphaneli zelanga kunye nee-Inverters

Iiphaneli kunye nee-inverters zonakaliswa lula zii-spikes ezidlulayo. Xa ndityelela iifektri, uninzi lwee-inverters ezonakeleyo zibonisa amanqaku acacileyo okuphuma kwe-surge kwinqanaba lokufaka. Ii-SPD ezifanelekileyo ziyawunciphisa kakhulu lo mngcipheko.

Indlela iTekhnoloji ye-MOV esebenza ngayo ngaphakathi kwiZixhobo zoKhuselo loKhuphuko

Ndikhumbula okokuqala ndivula i-SPD engaphumelelanga; i-MOV block ibalisa lonke ibali lendlela inkqubo eyayijongene ngayo nokunyuka okukhulu.

Itekhnoloji ye-MOV ivumela Isixhobo sokukhusela ukugquma Ukuthintela i-voltage ephezulu ngokutshintsha ukusuka ekuxhathiseni okuphezulu ukuya ekuxhathiseni okuphantsi kwimizuzwana emincinci. Ifunxa amandla agqithisileyo ize iwathumele emhlabeni ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphambi kokuba izixhobo zonakaliswe.

I-MOV yeyona nto iphambili kwiindlela ezininzi zoyilo lwe-SPD yemizi-mveliso. Ndihlala ndichazela amaqela okuthenga ukuba umgangatho we-MOV umisela uzinzo lwexesha elide. I-MOV ebuthathaka ithetha ukuwohloka kwangethuba kunye namanqanaba okhuseleko angaqikelelweyo. Yiyo loo nto iifektri ezifuna ukuthembeka ukhuseleko lokushushu ngamandla kwiifektri soloko uvavanya indlela yokuziphatha kwe-MOV phantsi kwemijikelo yoxinzelelo ephindaphindwayo ngaphambi kokuba uvume umthengisi.

Yintoni i-MOV kwaye isebenza njani

I-MOV (i-Metal Oxide Varistor) isebenza njenge-resistor exhomekeke kwi-voltage. Xa i-voltage iqhelekile, ivala i-current. Xa i-voltage inyuka ngaphezu komlinganiselo wayo, ngoko nangoko iqhuba ukunyuka komhlaba.

Ukuziphatha kwe-MOV Ngexesha le-Voltage Spikes

Ngexesha lokunyukela phezulu, ukumelana kwe-MOV kuyehla kakhulu, nto leyo edala indlela ekhuselekileyo yokuqhuba umsinga. Emva kokubambelela, ibuyela ekumelaneni okuphezulu.

Iindlela zokungaphumeleli kwe-MOV kunye nezinto eziqwalaselwayo kukhuseleko

Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokungaphumeleli kwe-MOV ziquka ukugqithisa kakhulu, ukuguguleka, kunye nokubaleka kobushushu. Yiyo loo nto ndisoloko ndicebisa iimodyuli zokuqhawula ubushushu kwii-PV SPDs.

Iintlobo zezixhobo zokukhusela ukukhukhumala ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zelanga

Emva kweminyaka yokusingatha uhlolo lwefektri kunye neeprojekthi zelanga, ndifunde ukuba ukukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwe-SPD kumisela ukuba inkqubo ye-PV iyasinda na kwixesha lombane.

Uhlobo 1, Uhlobo 2, kwaye ii-SPD zohlobo lwe-3 zibonelela ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okhuseleko kwimibane kunye nokunyuka kombane. Uhlobo lwe-1 luphatha umbane ngqo, Uhlobo lwe-2 lulawula i-overvoltage, kwaye Uhlobo lwe-3 lukhusela izixhobo zokugqibela kunye nee-elektroniki ezinobuthathaka.

Amaqela amaninzi okuthenga agxila kumahluko amaxabiso phakathi kweentlobo ze-SPD, kodwa ndisoloko ndichaza ukuba uhlobo ngalunye ludlala indima eyahlukileyo. Inkqubo isebenza kakuhle xa ilungelelaniswe njengekhonkco lokukhusela elipheleleyo. Iinkampani ze-solar EPC ezitsiba uhlobo olunye zihlala zijongana nokusilela okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-inverter ngexesha leemvula. Apha ngezantsi kukho uthelekiso olufutshane:

Itheyibhile 1 - Iindidi ze-SPD kunye nemisebenzi yazo

Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD lokukhusela umbane

Isetyenziswa kwiindawo zokungena ukuze ikhuphe imisinga emikhulu yombane.

Uhlobo lwe-2 SPD yoKhuseleko oluPhezulu

Ifakwe kufutshane nee-inverters ukukhusela ekutshintsheni nasekunyukeni okubangelwa kukushukuma.

Uhlobo lwe-3 SPD yoKhuselo lweDivayisi yesiphelo

Isetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwiisekethe zolawulo ezibuthathaka.

Ukukhetha i-SPD efanelekileyo kwizicelo ze-PV

Ndisoloko ndifanisa uhlobo lwe-SPD nenqanaba lombane, i-voltage yokufakela, uvakalelo lwezixhobo, kunye neemeko zomhlaba.

Isikhokelo soFakelo lwe-SPD kwiiphaneli ze-PV kunye nee-Inverters

Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi zingaphumeleli ngenxa yokuba i-SPD ifakwe kwindawo engafanelekanga, nokuba isixhobo ngokwaso sasikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ii-SPD mazifakwe kufutshane nezixhobo ezikhuselweyo, ngeentambo ezimfutshane, i-polarity echanekileyo, i-grounding efanelekileyo, kunye nohlobo lwe-SPD olufanelekileyo kumacala omabini e-AC kunye ne-DC kwinkqubo ye-PV.

Ukufakela ngokuchanekileyo kubaluleke ngaphezu kophawu. Kwane-SPD yemizi-mveliso engcono ayisebenzi ukuba intambo isebenza ixesha elide kakhulu. Ndisoloko ndibonisa iingcali indlela intambo eyongezelelweyo engama-20-cm enokuyiphinda kabini i-voltage eseleyo, enokutshabalalisa ibhodi yokufaka i-inverter.

Apho ungayifaka khona i-SPD kwiNkqubo ye-PV

Ii-SPD kufuneka zibekwe kwi Iibhokisi zokudibanisa zeDC, ii-inverter DC inputs, ii-inverter AC outputs, kunye nosasazo oluphambili lwe-AC.

Amanyathelo okufaka i-DC Side SPD

• qhagamshela kwi-string input nganye
• qinisekisa ukuba i-polarity iyahambelana
• gcina ubude bentambo bungaphantsi kwe-0.5 m

Amanyathelo okufaka i-AC Side SPD

• faka kufutshane neeterminals ze-inverter output
• qhagamshela kumhlaba we-PE
• landela imithetho yocingo lwenkqubo ye-TN/TT

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zokufakela ekufuneka ziphetshwe

Iimpazamo ezinkulu ziquka iilead ezinde, ukungabikho kwe-grounding, uhlobo lwe-SPD olungalunganga, kunye novavanyo lwe-voltage olungalunganga.

Iimfuneko zoKhuseleko lwe-DC kunye ne-AC kwiiNkqubo zeLanga

Ndihlala ndijonga iisayithi ze-PV apho i-SPD rating ingahambelani ne-voltage ye-open-circuit ye-array, nto leyo edala umngcipheko ofihlakeleyo kuyo yonke inkqubo.

Ii-PV SPD kufuneka zihambelane nomlinganiselo we-DC voltage, umlinganiselo wegridi ye-AC, inkqubo yokumisa umhlaba, imithetho yokulungelelanisa, kunye nodidi lofakelo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluzinzileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-PV.

Apha ngezantsi kukho itheyibhile yokuthelekisa amanqaku amaqela amaninzi okuthenga ayifumana iluncedo:

Itheyibhile 2 - Iimfuneko zoVavanyo lwe-SPD zoFakelo lwe-PV

IiVoltage kunye neeRatings zangoku zePV SPD

Soloko ufanisa i-Ucpv ye-SPD kunye ne-Voc ephezulu ye-array phantsi kwamaqondo obushushu abandayo.

Iimfuneko zokuGcina umhlaba kunye nokuGcina umhlaba

Ukubeka umhlaba kakuhle kunciphisa amandla okushukuma ngamandla kakhulu. Ndisoloko ndijonga ukumelana nokumisa umhlaba ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-SPD.

Ulungelelwaniso lwe-SPD phakathi kwe-AC kunye ne-DC Sides

Sebenzisa Uhlobo 1 kwiphaneli ephambili ye-AC kunye noHlelo 2 kufutshane ne-inverter ukuze ulungelelanise kakuhle.

I-SPD vs Surge Arrester: Umahluko oPhambili woKhuseleko lwe-PV

Abathengi abaninzi bandibuza ukuba basebenzise i-SPD okanye i-surge arrester, kwaye impendulo yam isoloko ithi: basebenza iindima ezahlukeneyo.

Isixhobo sokuthintela ukuvuza ngamandla siphatha iziganeko ezinkulu zombane wangaphandle, ngelixa i-SPD ikhusela izixhobo kwi-overvoltage yangaphandle nangaphakathi. Uninzi lweenkqubo ze-PV ziyazuza ekusebenziseni zombini.

Itheyibhile 3 - I-SPD vs Surge Arrester

Indlela i-Surge Arresters esebenza ngayo xa ithelekiswa ne-SPDs

Izinto ezithintela ukuvuza kwamanzi zikhupha amandla amakhulu ombane kodwa zisabela kancinci kunee-SPD.

Yeyiphi Engcono Kukhuseleko Lombane We-PV

Ii-SPD zikhusela ngcono izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezibuthathaka, ngelixa izinto ezithintelayo zikhusela isakhiwo sesakhiwo.

Ungazisebenzisa nini zombini xa ufakelwa elangeni

Ndisoloko ndizisebenzisa zombini kwiiprojekthi ze-PV ezinkulu okanye ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Isiphelo

Sebenzisa umgangatho ophezulu Isixhobo sokukhusela ukugquma ukugcina yonke inkqubo ye-PV yelanga ikhuselekile, izinzile, kwaye ilungele ukusebenza ixesha elide.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Malunga ne-SPD, i-MOV, kunye noKhuseleko loMbane lweLanga

Ndingasebenzisa ii-SPD ezimbini ngothotho?

Ewe, logama nje imithetho yokulungelelanisa ilandelwa.

Ngaba iiPaneli zeSolar zifuna i-AC okanye i-DC SPD?

Zombini amacala e-AC kunye ne-DC afuna ukhuseleko.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-SPD?

Ngokwesiqhelo iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 kuxhomekeke ekubeni ichaphazeleke kangakanani na xa inyuka ngamandla.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa i-SPD ingaphumeleli?

Iyaqhawuka ngaphakathi ukuze kuthintelwe umngcipheko womlilo.