Ndakha ndabukela I-CNC eyi-$150,000 umgcavala ngenxa yokubaI-SPD engama-90 eedolayayifakelwe amagumbi amathathu ukusuka apho. Loo mpazamo inye yabangela iveki epheleleyo yokulahleka kwemvelisosaza salahlekelwa ngumthengi esasimfuna kangangeminyaka emibini.

Kule khokelo, ndiza kwabelana ezintlanu eziqhelekileyo I-SPDiimpazamo zokufakelaoko kunokwenza kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza, kwaye ndichaze indlela endizithintela ngayo kwisityalo sam. Isifundo ngasinye sivela kwiintsilelo zokwenyani endizibonileyo kwi IJamani, iFransi, i-US, kunye neIndiyangelixa ubonelela ngeephaneli zeLeikexing. Landela la macebiso, kwaye uya kupasa uvavanyo lwakho olulandelayo kumzamo wokuqala.

Kwenziwa kanjani Khetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwe-SPD

EDetroit, ndakha ndakhetha ukalisho lwe-voltage ye-SPD olungalunganga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-breaker ikhubekengexesha ngalinye leendudumoNgenxa yoko, iqela lolondolozongokukhawuleza walahlekelwa kukuzithembakwizixhobo zam.

Mna ngoku ndihlala fanisa i-Uc ye-SPDkwi-voltage yenkqubo kunye ne-10%, kwaye ukhethe iKlasi efanelekileyokwindawo yephaneli. Eli nyathelo lilula linayo ukunciphisa uhambo oluphazamisayo ngaphezulu kwama-80%.

Indlela yokufunda amagama e-IEC kunye ne-UL

I-UL 1449 ichaza ii-SPD njenge Uhlobo 1, Uhlobo 2, kunye nohlobo 3,

ngelixa i-IEC 61643-11 isebenzisa iKlasi I, iKlasi II, kunye neKlasi III.

Zombini iinkqubo zokubiza amagama zichaza indawo ye-SPD ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sombane sesakhiwo.

Ndiyiprinta le tafile ndize ndiyinamathisele ngaphakathi kuyo yonke iminyango yepaneli.

Iyayimisa ingxoxo ethi “into enye ifanela bonke” ngaphambi kokuba iqale.

Imigibe yeVoltage kunye noqwalaselo

Ye Inkqubo ye-277Y/480V, i-SPD kufuneka inikwe umlinganiselo we ubuncinane i-320 V Uc, hayi i-275 V. Ukusebenzisa isilinganiselo esiphantsi kubangela IiMOV (i-metal-oxide varistors) zishushu kakhulu zize zingasebenzi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.
Ndikwanika ingqalelo kakhulu iinkqubo ze-delta ezinemilenze ephezulu ezinamanqanaba amathathuSoloko ukhetha i-SPD enokuthi uluhlu olucacileyo "lweentloko eziphezulu"kwiphepha layo ledatha; kungenjalo, isigaba esiphakathi sinokusebenzisa i-varistor ngamandla aphezulu, inciphisa kakhulu ubomi bayo.

Ibali lokwenyani elivela eFransi

Aindawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo kufutshane neLyononamava ukulahleka kwee-compressor ezininzi rhoqo entwasahlobo.
Iphaneli yayine Uhlobo lwe-2 SPD, kodwa i-feeder wangena phezulu waza wabetha isakhiwo ngaphambi kokuba imitha ephambili ifikelele.
Siyitshintshile nge I-SPD edibeneyo yeKlasi I + yeKlasi IIkwaye wongeze i iswitshi yokunqamla uqhagamshelwano edityanisiweyo.
Emva kwezi nguqu, ixesha lokungasebenzi kwezixhobo lehle laya ku-zero, kunye nomthengibatyikitye isivumelwano seminyaka emithathu.

Gcina i-SPD yakho ikufutshane nePaneli ephambili

Ndakha ndafaka i-SPD kwiikhabhinethi yepasejikuba ingcali yombane yathi kukho "Akukho ndawo kwiphaneli."
I ukubaleka kweentambo bekuziimitha ezingama-25, okubangelai-voltage evumela ukuba idlule kumthwalo ifikelele kwi-1,800 V—iphindwe kabini kunokunyamezela okulinganisiweyo kwe-drive.
Ngoku, ndihlala ndigcina iinkokheli ze-SPD mfutshane kunemitha enyekwaye ufake iyunithi kwiipleyiti yangasemva efanayo neyomqhekezi oyintloko nanini na xa kunokwenzeka.
Lo mthetho ulula ugcinai-voltage yokubamba ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphantsi kwe-800 V.

Kutheni ubude be-lead bubetha ii-ohms

Intambo nganye isebenza njenge-inductor.
Ukuze Ukunyuka kwe-8/20 µs, imitha e-1 yentambo ye-12 AWG yongeza malunga ne-1 µH, evelisa malunga 1 kV kunye ne-1 kA/µs.
Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa ukunyuka kwe-voltage okubangelwa bubude bentambo eyongezelelweyo:

Yonke imitha eyongezelelweyo yocingoiphosa inzuzo ye-SPD ekumgangatho ophezulu.
Ndisoloko ndikhumbuza iqela lam: "Ukuba kufuneka i-lead ende, yitshintshe iphaneli endaweni ye-SPD."

Ukulungiswa kwentsimi e-Indiana

Kwi- isityalo seplastiki, i-SPD ifakwe kwi-mezzanine 30 ft kudeukusuka kwiphaneli ephambili.
Sifake i iphaneli yesibini imalunga neenyawo ezi-2 ukusuka kwindawo ephambilikwaye bafudusela i-SPD kwenye indawo.
Ngenxa yoko,i-voltage evumela ukudlula yehle ukusuka kwi-1,500 V ukuya kwi-680 V, kwaye i Ii-alamu ze-VFD ziyekile.

Thintela iintambo ze-SPD ezinde okanye ezijijekileyo

Ndibone ukufakelwa apho ingcali yombane ishiye khonaiingcingo ezijijekileyo "zokulungiswa kwixesha elizayo".

Ezi khoyili zisebenze njenge imithombo yokungenisa, ukongeza 2 µH, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba i-voltage yokunyuka iye kwi-1,400 V.

Soloko usike I-SPD ikhokelela kubude obufutshaneoko kusavumela ucango lwephaneli ukuba luvale, kwaye lusebenzeumgca kunye nohlangothi olungathathi cala ecaleniukurhoxisa amasimi e-electromagnetic.
Ziphepheiikhoyili, iigophe ezibukhali, kunye neebhanti ezidityanisiweyo ze-zip.

 Imithetho yocingo endiyilandelayo

1. Susa kuphela ubude obuchanekileyo bentambo obufunekayoyelug.

2.Gcina umgca, ungathathi cala, kwaye umhlaba uhambelane; ungaze ujikeleze.  

3. Yenza zonke ii-lugs zilungelelaniswe ngokweemfuno zomenzi;iilugs ezikhululekileyo zinokuba i-arc ngexesha lokunyuka.

Uvavanyo lwe-Twist kwilebhu

Sakheuseto lovavanyo ezimbini: enye ene Iingcingo ezibhityileyo ezingama-30 cm, kunye nenye ene iileya ezithe tye ezingama-20 cm.
E-3 kA 8/20 µs, i isetingi ejijekileyo ivumela idlule kwi-1,200 V, ngelixa iileyiti ezithe tye zivunyelwe kuphela yi-680 V.
Ukubonisa le foto koosombane abatsha kusombulula iingxoxo ngokukhawuleza,ngempumelelo kakhulu kunamazwi.

 Qinisekisa ukuba i-SPD ibekwe kakuhle

I-SPD Ukubotshelelwa kwireyile yepaneli epeyintiweyo akusebenzi kangako.
Kwindawo ethile eMumbai, ndilinganise 4 Ohmukuxhathisaphakathi kwe-SPD nomhlaba, nto leyo ukusebenza kuye kwehla kakhulu.
Soloko usebenzisa ibhondi yobhedu eyi-6 AWG ezinikeleyoukusuka kwi-SPD ground bar ukuya kwi-terminal ephambili yokubeka umhlaba, kunye qinisekisa ukuba i-impedance ingaphantsi kwe-0.1 Ωnge-micro-ohmmeter.
Ukuchitha imizuzu emihlanu eyongezelelweyo apha kunokuthintela iindleko zokubiza abantu abanomdla.

Uluhlu lokuhlola inkqubo ye-electrode yomhlaba

Ukuba naluphi na umlinganiselo awuphumeleli, faka intonga eyongezelelweyo okanye iringi yokumisa ngaphambi kokuba uvale iphaneli.
Ukunika umthengi ingxelo kwakha ukuzithemba ekufakweni kwayo.

 Isifundo setyala: eBerlin

Iholo yedatha iphumelele uvavanyo lwe-hipot kodwa ayiphumelelanga uvavanyo lwe-surge.
I-SPD ground lug yayifakwe kwipeyinti egqunywe ngomgubo.
Emva kokuyitshintsha nge-star washer kunye ne-re-torquing, uvavanyo lwe-surge lwaphumelela kwaye umphicothi-zincwadi wayivuma inkqubo ngentsasa elandelayo.

Jonga imeko ye-SPD rhoqo

"Beka uze ulibale" yindlela yokucinga eyingozi.
Kwindawo ethile eVietnam, i-PLC yasilela kuba i-SPD yayisele ibomvu kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo kwaye ayizange ihlolwe.

Sebenzisa ukujonga imeko ye-LED rhoqo ngekota uze ubhale ukufundwa kwiphepha lokulungisa elisekelwe kwilifu.
Ukuba isalathisi asiluhlaza, tshintsha imodyuli ngoko nangoko.

 Ingcebiso yokujonga kude

Ii-SPD ezininzi zinonxibelelwano olungenamda.
Yiqhagamshele kwiphaneli ye-SCADA ukuze abaqhubi bafumane isaziso se-imeyile ngaphambi kwesiphango esilandelayo.

 Uthelekiso lweendleko: ukutshintshwa kwemodyuli xa kuthelekiswa nokusilela kwezixhobo

La manani acacisa ngokucacileyo uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lonyaka lweemodyuli ezingasetyenziswanga.

Isiphelo

Ndilahlekelwe yimali kuyo yonke impazamo engentla de ndabhala le mithetho mihlanu ekhadini ndaza ndayinamathisela ngaphakathi kwintloko yam.

Ziprinte, zilandele, kwaye i-SPD yakho elandelayo iya kukhusela umthwalo, kungekuphela nje iwaranti.